Optically levitated rotor at its thermal limit of frequency stability

Laan, Fons van der; Reimann, René; Militaru, Andrei; Tebbenjohanns, Felix; Windey, Dominik; Frimmer, Martin; Novotny, Lukas

doi:10.1103/physreva.102.013505

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In recent years, levitated optomechanics provided a fruitful platform for nonequilibrium thermodynamics [1][2][3][4][5], nonlinear dynamics [6][7][8], precision measurements [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], macroscopic quantum mechanics [17][18][19], and several other applications [20][21][22]. Besides extensive studies on levitated spherical particles, there is growing interest in levitated nonspherical particles [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. For example, a levitated nanodumbbell in a linearly polarized optical tweezer is an analogy of the Cavendish torsion balance for precision measurements [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a levitated nanodumbbell in a linearly polarized optical tweezer is an analogy of the Cavendish torsion balance for precision measurements [33]. With a circularly polarized laser, it can rotate at record-high GHz frequencies [14,33,34,36]. A levitated nanodumbbell has achieved an unprecedented torque sensitivity of 4 × 10 −27 Nm/ √ Hz [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Five-dimensional cooling and nonlinear dynamics of an optically levitated nanodumbbell

Bang

Seberson

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. Research

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Optically levitated nonspherical particles in vacuum are excellent candidates for torque sensing, rotational quantum mechanics, high-frequency gravitational wave detection, and multiple other applications. Many potential applications, such as detecting the Casimir torque near a birefringent surface, require simultaneous cooling of both the center-of-mass motion and the torsional vibration (or rotation) of a nonspherical nanoparticle. Here we report five-dimensional cooling of a levitated nanoparticle. We cool the three center-of-mass motion modes and two torsional vibration modes of a levitated nanodumbbell in a linearly polarized laser simultaneously. The only uncooled rigid-body degree of freedom is the rotation of the nanodumbbell around its long axis. This free rotation mode does not couple to the optical tweezers directly. Surprisingly, we observe that it strongly affects the torsional vibrations of the nanodumbbell. This work deepens our understanding of the nonlinear dynamics and rotation coupling of a levitated nanoparticle and paves the way towards full quantum control of its motion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five-dimensional cooling and nonlinear dynamics of an optically levitated nanodumbbell

Bang

Seberson

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. Research

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“…If a nanorotor explores a large region of the optical trap, the spatialvariation of the light intensity causes a variation in the applied torque, resulting in rotational modes with larger variance. Therefore, by applying feedback cooling to damp the translational motion of rotors, the stability of the rotational mode can be improved [225]. This can be considered to be a form of cooling of the rotational motion.…”

Section: Temperature Sensing and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proposals to measure gravitational waves with levitated disks also requires cooling of the orientational degree of freedom [232]. For spinning motion, van der Laan et al showed that feedback cooling of the translational motion narrowed the linewidth of the rotational motion [225], while Kuhn et al…”

Section: Temperature Sensing and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This surpasses the sensitivity of state-of-the-art cryogenically cooled tethered oscillators by three orders of magnitude. The sensitivity of these schemes is currently limited by the frequencystability of the rotational motion, which in turn is limited by coupling to thermal fluctuations of the environment [225]. The frequency stability can be improved by driving the rotational motion [213] or by feedback cooling of the transverse motion [225] to ensure constant torque application, resulting in Q θ ,10 12 [213].…”

Section: Force and Torque Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Initiating revolutions for optical manipulation: the origins and applications of rotational dynamics of trapped particles

Bruce

Rodríguez‐Sevilla

Dholakia

2020

Advances in Physics: X

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The fastest-spinning man-made object is a tiny dumbbell rotating at 5 GHz. The smallest wind-up motor is constructed from a DNA molecule. Picoliter volumes of fluids are remotely controlled and their viscosity precisely measured using microrheometers based on miniscule rotating particles. Theoretical predictions for extraordinarily weak forces related to the presence of dark matter, dark energy and vacuum-induced friction might be revealed, and the surprising properties of light have already been experimentally evidenced. All of these exciting landmarks have only been possible thanks to the torque exerted by light, which enables rotation of an optically trapped particle. Here, we review how light can impart torque on optically trapped particles, paying close attention to the design of the properties of both the particle and the light field. We detail how the maximum achievable rotation speed is limited by the environment, but can simultaneously be used to infer properties of the surrounding medium and of the light field itself. We also review the state-of-the-art applications of light-driven rotors, as well as proposals for the next generation of measurements, particularly at the classical-quantum interface, which can be performed using rotating optically trapped objects.

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Dynamic Analysis and Simulation of an Optically Levitated Rotating Ellipsoid Rotor in Liquid Medium

Zhu

et al. 2021

Photonic Sens

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Optical trap, a circularly polarized laser beam can levitate and control the rotation of microspheres in liquid medium with high stiffness. Trapping force performs as confinement while the trapped particle can be analog to a liquid floated gyroscope with three degree-of-freedom. In this work, we analyzed the feasibility of applying optically levitated rotor in the system. We presented the dynamic analysis and simulation of an ellipsoid micron particle. The precession motion and nutation motion of a rotating ellipsoid probe particle in optical tweezers were performed. We also analyzed the attitude changes of an optically levitated ellipsoid when there was variation of the external torque caused by deviation of the incident light that was provided. Furthermore, the trail path of the rotational axis vertex and the stabilization process of a particle of different ellipticities were simulated. We compared the movement tendencies of particles of different shapes and analyzed the selection criteria of ellipsoid rotor. These analytical formulae and simulation results are applicable to the analysis of the rotational motion of particles in optical tweezers, especially to the future research of the gyroscope effect.

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Optically levitated rotor at its thermal limit of frequency stability

Cited by 36 publications

References 39 publications

Five-dimensional cooling and nonlinear dynamics of an optically levitated nanodumbbell

Five-dimensional cooling and nonlinear dynamics of an optically levitated nanodumbbell

Initiating revolutions for optical manipulation: the origins and applications of rotational dynamics of trapped particles

Dynamic Analysis and Simulation of an Optically Levitated Rotating Ellipsoid Rotor in Liquid Medium

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