Optik

Geometrical Optics

“…23) This is the basic equation of geometrical optics which provides e.g. 23) This is the basic equation of geometrical optics which provides e.g.…”

“…[23][24][25]. for blazed gratings or volume holograms) or many orders with nonvanishing efficiency (e.g.…”

Wave Optics

“…We call q L the Gaussian beam parameter immediately in front of the lens and q R the beam parameter immediately behind the lens, where the parameters are illustrated in Fig. 36 Scheme showing the complex beam parameters for the transformation of a Gaussian beam from a plane at distance d 1 in front of a lens (with focal length f ) to a plane at distance d 2 behind the lens Then we have Fig.…”

Geometrical Optics

“…From (2.26) a differential equation for the ray can be derived by again using (2. 23) (2. 27) This is the differential equation for a ray in a general inhomogeneous isotropic and linear substance.…”

“…for binary phase elements or amplitude gratings) [2. [23][24][25]. In the case of many diffraction orders each order has to be calculated separately.…”