Optimal allocation of HVDC interconnections for exchange of energy and reserve capacity services

Abstract

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Dynamic Reserve and Transmission Capacity Allocation in Wind-Dominated Power Systems

“…This section introduces the concepts and the mathematical formulations that underpin the contributions of this work. The bilevel models in [10] and [11] are enhanced with a set of upper-level grid partitioning constraints described in III-A. These enable the operator to identify a pre-specified number of zones in the system, where zonal reserve markets can be cleared following the problem formulation in III-B.The model is complemented with a set of upper-level decision variables that account for the optimal allocation of transmission capacity between energy trading and re-dispatch actions in III-C.…”

“…Authors in [9] adopt this framework for optimally dispatching wind power in an energy-only market, whereas authors in [10] employ an analogous approach to define the optimal reserve requirements in view of wind power uncertainty. In a similar vein, [11] extends this model to account for the allocation of cross-border transmission capacity between energy and reserves. Although these models have shown to improve the total expected cost in a sequential market-clearing architecture, they still lack the ability to optimally position reserves in the system, as the ideal stochastic model does.…”

“…The main goal of this model is to improve the positioning of reserves in the system, while remaining compatible with the current market structure. In this work, we build upon [10] and [11] and we embed grid partitioning algorithms in the stochastic bilevel problem in order to identify a number of zonal reserve markets to be cleared independently. Grid partitioning algorithms have been used already in power system research for intentional islanding studies in [12] and [13].…”

“…In addition to the reserve zones configuration our formulation is able to perform an optimal allocation of the inter-zonal transmission capacity between energy and reserve services as in [11]. Setting aside part of the transmission capacity for reserve exchange between adjacent zones has shown to lower the total operating costs [21] and it is a measure considered in practice by grid operators [22].…”

Market-based coordination of integrated electricity and natural gas systems under uncertain supply

“…Additionally, Jensen et al (2018) developed a framework to set the available transfer capacity (ATC) among zones in a cost-optimal manner and attain a solution closer to the stochastic one, while Dvorkin et al (2019) approximated the stochastic solution by optimally setting the reserve requirements. Finally, Delikaraoglou & Pinson (2019) proposed a model that efficiently dispatches the power system with an optimal setting of allocation between energy and reserves on the inter-regional HVDC interconnections. In the aforementioned works, the system operator is able to properly tune these parameters, i.e.…”