Optimal antimicrobial concentration of mixed antibiotic pastes in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis from root dentin

Abstract

This study aims to identify the optimal concentrations of triple antibiotic paste (TAP), modified triple antibiotic paste (mTAP) and double antibiotic paste (DAP) that could completely eradicate Enterococcus faecalis in dentinal tubules. One hundred and ninety extracted human premolars inoculated with E. faecalis were medicated with calcium hydroxide and mixed antibiotic pastes (TAP, mTAP and DAP at 0.1, 1.25, 5, 10 and 20 mg mL−1 of each drug) for seven days before being frozen, pulverised and cultured. Specimens treated with the lowest concentration of the mixed antibiotics capable of eradicating E. faecalis were examined using scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy to confirm the eradication of the microbial. TAP at 10 mg mL−1 of each drug was able to completely eliminate bacteria inside dentinal tubules, whereas mTAP and DAP required 20 mg mL−1 of each drug. Calcium hydroxide was not effective in eradicating E. faecalis inside dentinal tubules.

Gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel as an injectable scaffold with multi-therapeutic effects to promote antimicrobial disinfection and angiogenesis for regenerative endodontics

“…As the antibiotic loading increased the mean inhibition zone, however, bacteria can still survive the intracanal drug due to their deep involvement in the dentinal tubules and canal irregularities. 51 Therefore, from a clinical standpoint, the dentin slice model 52 was used to evaluate the effect of injectable hydrogel on A. naeslundii biofilm and visualized using SEM and CLSM (Fig. 5).…”

Antibacterial Activity of Calcium Hydroxide and Zinc Oxide Combined with Several Solutions against Enterococcus faecalis Growth

“…11 This finding was supported by Dewi et al reported E. faecalis colonized in dentinal tubules was not affected and remained after being treated with CaOH. 12 Hence, even with the use of medicaments that possess antibacterial properties, it is hard to eradicate E. faecalis from the root canal. E. faecalis also has resistance toward CaOH by the formation of biofilm alongside surviving in alkaline conditions up to a pH of 11.5 for more than 10 days.…”

The antimicrobial efficacy of nanographene oxide and double antibiotic paste per se and in combination: part II

“…Similarly, Sadek et al [ 31 ] demonstrated that DAP was able to completely eliminate Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm from radicular human dentin specimens. Moreover, Dewi et al [ 32 ] found that TAP, modified TAP (at 5, 10 and 20 mg mL −1 of each drug), and DAP (at 10 and 20 mg mL −1 of each drug) were capable of significantly eliminating E. faecalis , while CH did not show significant efficacy. In regards to biocompatibility, Khoshkhounejad et al [ 33 ] showed DAP and TAP had similar favorable effects at most of the tested concentrations and could be considered safe materials.…”