Optimal approaches for balancing invasive species eradication and endangered species management

Lampert, Adam; Hastings, Alan; Grosholz, Edwin D.; Jardine, Sunny L.; Sanchirico, James N.

doi:10.1126/science.1250763

Cited by 103 publications

(126 citation statements)

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“…The success of the ESA and of adaptive ecosystem management http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol21/iss1/art19/ is evident in the identification of problems associated with expeditious eradication and the rapid cooperation that led to alternative approaches. These alternative approaches may take longer (Lampert et al 2014) and require more resources and cooperation to achieve, but they avoid the picking of winners and losers that runs counter to the central intents of ecosystem management (Grumbine 1994). The more measured approach we have outlined will reduce conflict between management goals and enhance the ability to affect positive, long-term ecosystem changes without sacrificing critical components in the short-term process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endangered species management and ecosystem restoration: finding the common ground

Casazza¹,

Overton²,

Bui³

et al. 2016

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Management actions to protect endangered species and conserve ecosystem function may not always be in precise alignment. Efforts to recover the California Ridgway's Rail (Rallus obsoletus obsoletus; hereafter, California rail), a federally and statelisted species, and restoration of tidal marsh ecosystems in the San Francisco Bay estuary provide a prime example of habitat restoration that has conflicted with species conservation. On the brink of extinction from habitat loss and degradation, and non-native predators in the 1990s, California rail populations responded positively to introduction of a non-native plant, Atlantic cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). California rail populations were in substantial decline when the non-native Spartina was initially introduced as part of efforts to recover tidal marshes. Subsequent hybridization with the native Pacific cordgrass (Spartina foliosa) boosted California rail populations by providing greater cover and increased habitat area. The hybrid cordgrass (S. alterniflora × S. foliosa) readily invaded tidal mudflats and channels, and both crowded out native tidal marsh plants and increased sediment accretion in the marsh plain. This resulted in modification of tidal marsh geomorphology, hydrology, productivity, and species composition. Our results show that denser California rail populations occur in invasive Spartina than in native Spartina in San Francisco Bay. Herbicide treatment between 2005 and 2012 removed invasive Spartina from open intertidal mud and preserved foraging habitat for shorebirds. However, removal of invasive Spartina caused substantial decreases in California rail populations. Unknown facets of California rail ecology, undesirable interim stages of tidal marsh restoration, and competing management objectives among stakeholders resulted in management planning for endangered species or ecosystem restoration that favored one goal over the other. We have examined this perceived conflict and propose strategies for moderating harmful effects of restoration while meeting the needs of both endangered species and the imperiled native marsh ecosystem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endangered species management and ecosystem restoration: finding the common ground

Casazza¹,

Overton²,

Bui³

et al. 2016

E&S

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“…Although this has been recognized as an important issue in conservation 5 , empirical and theoretical research in this area is inadequate to answer a number of critical questions. For example, some people believe that wild herbivores come out from the forest cover to raid crops because the sources of nutrition in their natural habitats are depleted, the habitat is substantially fragmented [6][7][8][9] , or because of the stress of poaching 10 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Crop Damage by Wild Herbivores:Insights Obtained from Optimization Models

2016

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We constructed a theoretical model of cost-benefit optimization for farmers who face continued economic loss due to crop raiding by wild herbivores, as well as for the wild herbivores that do so. Insights obtained from the model include: (i) In sustenance agriculture, a farmer needs to optimize net benefit rather than benefit-to-cost ratio, whereas herbivores need to optimize the benefit-to-cost ratio. (ii) It is imperative for a farmer to disinvest from agricultural inputs when threatened by depredation. (iii) Many mitigation measures that are highly successful on an experimental scale are most likely to fail when used on a mass scale. (iv) The effectiveness of mitigation measures such as fencing, trenching and culling will be nonmonotonic, being counterproductive under certain conditions.

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“…Currently, few tools are available for understanding and predicting the outcomes of invasive species management, especially for real management problems (but see Raymond et al (2011), Lampert et al (2014), yet potential tools can be developed using experience from similar research fields.…”

Section: Predicting and Evaluating The Outcomes Of Invasive Species Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benefits of invasive species management are generally expressed in terms of avoided ecological and economic losses caused by invasion (Panzacchi et al 2007, Brown andDaigneault 2014); while cost is usually evaluated in terms of logistics costs of management, and ecological and economic cost due to the remaining invasion impacts (Panzacchi et al 2007, Brown andDaigneault 2014), without considering potential costs of side effects (but see Lampert et al 2014) (Figure 2.1). Although few studies evaluate 'total cost' in an integrated way, some studies, especially risk assessment of biocontrol agents, do pay attention to the costs of side effects (Messing andWright 2006, Fowler et al 2012).…”

Section: The Importance Of Assessing Side Effects Of Invasion Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are also risk assessments for other management operations such assessing toxic effects of pesticide on non-target species (Eason et al 2002, Pitt et al 2015; however, they are less put into practice comparing to risk assessment of biocontrol agents. Even fewer studies take a step further to examine the indirect side effects resulted from species interactions in formal decision analysis (Lampert et al 2014); however, certain studies especially focusing on biological control and invasive mammal removal increasingly emphasize to examine ecological networks for indirect effects prior to management operations (Zavaleta et al 2001, Fowler et al 2012. We encourage that, despite management approaches, invasion management should be evaluated with a more comprehensive risk assessment, which explicitly examines both direct and indirect side effects and evaluates corresponding costs in an integrated way (Figure 2.1).…”

Section: The Importance Of Assessing Side Effects Of Invasion Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecosystem-wide management of invasive species in the face of severe uncertainty

Han¹

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The economic and ecological problems caused by biological invasions underline the importance of invasive species management. Evidence showed that invasive species management aiming to mitigate and reverse negative invasion impacts may lead to unexpected side effects to other ecosystem components, which call for integrating management into broader ecosystem goals rather than manipulating single invasive species in isolation. Decision-making is limited by a severe lack of knowledge yet confronted with urgent needs of conservation management. In this thesis, I focus on developing practical approaches to assist decision-making of invasive species managements in the face of limited information.It can be challenging to resolve the conflicts between invasive species management and other conservation goals. In Chapter 2, I propose to incorporate potential management impacts into a formal decision analysis from a cost-benefit perspective. I conduct a systematic literature review of studies that reported perverse outcomes of invasive plant management, to provide insights for risk identification for future control activities. My results show that there are only 26 publications that identified negative outcomes from plant management. It is possible that such perverse outcomes are merely uncommon, yet we identify that research and publishing biases exist and suggest that the negative impacts of management may have been overlooked. Next, I discuss existing and potential approaches that can be used to identify management risks and reconcile management conflicts, and suggest ways to improve current approaches and facilitate better decision analyses for future management. In the following chapters, I illustrate a number of approaches to assist invasive species management decision-making and illustrate these approaches using two real world management problems.Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 use network approaches to inform decision-making on the management of introduced cats (Felis catus) and rats (Rattus rattus) on Christmas Island. In chapter 3, I conduct a qualitative assessment based on available information to evaluate a number of potential management strategies, which vary in their intensity of both rat and cat control and also vary in cost of implementation. These actions were derived in consultation with on-ground managers from Christmas Island. The assessment suggests that given sufficient resources the optimal strategy is island wide cat eradication with rat control efforts. This suggestion is also supported by the network analysis. Island-wide cat eradication only may lead to secondary impacts through meso-predator release of rats, yet when the resource is limited this strategy still yields more benefits than other management actions such as island-wide cat control, or cat and rat control that are restricted in specific regions.ii In Chapter 4, I developed a novel approach by combining a qualitative modelling approach with Boolean analysis to examine the effects of different management strategies of cats and rats on Ch...

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Optimal approaches for balancing invasive species eradication and endangered species management

Cited by 103 publications

References 31 publications

Endangered species management and ecosystem restoration: finding the common ground

Endangered species management and ecosystem restoration: finding the common ground

Crop Damage by Wild Herbivores:Insights Obtained from Optimization Models

Ecosystem-wide management of invasive species in the face of severe uncertainty

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