Optimal Backup Power Deployment for Communication Network With Interdependent Power Network

Abstract

Smart grid has a power network with an interdependent communication network. In such a system, a node failure can lead to another failure in its dependent node in the other network. These internetwork failures can occur recursively in a cascading process, resulting in a complete system collapse. Such cascading failure process can be interrupted by providing backup power to communication nodes, so that they can continue operation when the power nodes they depend on have failed. It is costly to install a backup power unit at each communication node. We have used the two-stage percolation theory to determine the system robustness as a function of backup power deployment density and backup power unit capacity. Then, we propose a novel scheme to determine the optimal backup power deployment density and unit capacity, which can minimize the backup power deployment cost without compromising a desired system robustness. Through extensive simulations, we have found that when the probability of initial node failure is below its critical value, the deployment cost may decrease linearly with a smaller network size and may increase exponentially with a higher robustness requirement.INDEX TERMS Smart grid, interdependent network, backup power, cascading failure, cyber-physical system.PENG-YONG KONG (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Eng. degree (first class honours) in electrical and electronic engineering from Universiti Sains Malaysia and the Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering from the National University of Singapore. He was previously an

Cyber-physical cascading failure and resilience of power grid: A comprehensive review

“…Similarly, the interdependency of cyber nodes on the power nodes can be decreased by installing backup power sources, e.g., uninterrupted power sources (UPS), on site. Here, effective placement of the FACTS and backup power sources is necessary, as discussed in (Kong, 2022). In contrast to the above approach, proper enhancement of cyberphysical interdependency can also make the CPPS robust against CF Frontiers in Energy Research frontiersin.org (Korkali et al, 2017).…”

Robust Design of Interdependent Networks Considering Intra-Network Support Flow

“…A memetic algorithm for optimizing the interdependency was also proposed to enhance the robustness against the malicious attacks [34]. Recently, an analytical method to deploy the optimum backup power supply for the communication network has been proposed [35]. The above design methods regard all the outside nodes of the largest connected component of each network as being in a failure state on the basis of the percolation theory [30]- [35].…”

“…Recently, an analytical method to deploy the optimum backup power supply for the communication network has been proposed [35]. The above design methods regard all the outside nodes of the largest connected component of each network as being in a failure state on the basis of the percolation theory [30]- [35]. A heuristic method has minimized the required number of interconnections for preventing the cascading failures invoked from single node failures [36].…”

Robust Design of Interdependent Networks Considering Intra-Network Support Flow

“…A design method based on metrics of the robustness reflecting the different propagation mechanisms of the cascading failures has been proposed [33]. An analytical method to deploy the optimum backup power supply for the communication network has also been proposed [34]. Recently, a memetic algorithm for optimizing the interdependency was proposed to enhance the robustness against the malicious attacks [35].…”