Optimal Control of a Mechanical Hybrid Powertrain

Berkel, Koos van; Hofman, Théo; Vroemen, BG Bas; Steinbuch, M Maarten

doi:10.1109/tvt.2011.2178869

Cited by 53 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Using these numerical methods it is, however, computationally intensive to optimise parameters of the energy storage system (flywheel energy capacity, depth-of-discharge, component torque rating and multiple transmission gear ratios), particularly when the system contains a large number of variables. Previous studies have focussed on optimising the control of powertrains with fixed component parameters [36,37]. In order to optimise these parameters, the approach presented here makes several assumptions that simplify and generalise the analysis of mechanical flywheel systems:…”

Section: Analysis Of Flywheel Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of flywheel energy storage systems with geared transmission for hybrid vehicles

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Smith

Pullen

2015

Mechanism and Machine Theory

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Flywheel energy storage devices may be coupled to mechanical transmissions for braking energy recovery and the provision of additional power for acceleration in hybrid vehicles. Power transmission across a continuous range of speed ratios is necessary. The flywheel size and depth-ofdischarge must be chosen for a particular application, and this has a direct effect on transmission efficiency, required gearing ratios and mass of components. Optimisation of these parameters requires a fundamental understanding of this interaction, which has not previously been investigated and reported. To address this, the current paper presents a new method of analysing mechanical flywheel systems. A simple algebraic analysis can be used to specify flywheel system parameters for any regenerative braking application where the flywheel is used to provide initial acceleration of the vehicle from stationary. This has been applied to systems using geared transmissions with continuous speed variation achieved through sliding contact in clutch and brake components. The results of the analysis highlight how the optimum selection of flywheel depth-of-discharge must achieve a balance between high transmission efficiency and low system mass. This is illustrated for a passenger car application, allowing a full assessment of system performance and the specification of appropriate design parameters.

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Section: Analysis Of Flywheel Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of flywheel energy storage systems with geared transmission for hybrid vehicles

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Smith

Pullen

2015

Mechanism and Machine Theory

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“…However, there are only few cases of DP being applied for FW based mechanical hybrid vehicles and all these cases are exclusively for FW based internal combustion engine hybrid vehicles (FWICEHV) [19][20][21] . Jamzadeh 19 applied DP to find the optimal control policy for a FWICEHV on the federal urban drive cycle (FUDC).…”

Section: Energy Management Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal energy management for a flywheel-assisted battery electric vehicle

Dhand

Pullen

2015

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent AbstractBattery electric vehicles (BEV) are crucial to the reduction of dependence on fossil fuels and for moving towards a zero emission transport system. Though BEV technology has been rapidly improving, the limited driving range and high cost are significant impediments to the popularity of electric vehicles. The battery is the main element which affects the range and cost of the vehicle. The batteries can provide either high power or high energy but not both. Hybridization of the energy source is one of the methods to improve the energy efficiency of the vehicle, which would involve combining a high energy battery with a high power source. High speed flywheels (FW) have attractive properties and low cost potential which makes them excellent secondary energy storage devices to be used in hybrid and electric vehicles. They are utilized to load level the battery so as to protect it from peak loads and enhance its capacity and life. The flywheel is coupled to the drive line with a continuous variable transmission (CVT). This paper presents the optimal energy management strategy (EMS) for a mechanically connected flywheel assisted BEV (FWBEV) powertrain. The optimization problem is complex due to factors such as the small storage capacity of flywheel, kinematic constraints and slipping of clutches. Dynamic programming is used to calculate the optimal control strategy for torque distribution during operation in real world driving cycles. The results show significant potential for reduction of energy consumption in extra-urban and highway cycles, while reducing battery peak loads during all cycles. The results give a benchmark of the energy saving potential for such a powertrain and insights into how a real sub-optimal controller can be designed.

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“…To avoid the use of multiple transmissions, 2-DoF FHV systems have been proposed [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The two-mode flywheel hybrid, introduced by General Motors (GM), includes five clutches and one CVT to implement a multi-mode 2-DoF FHV [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two-mode flywheel hybrid, introduced by General Motors (GM), includes five clutches and one CVT to implement a multi-mode 2-DoF FHV [13,14]. The clutched flywheel transmission (CFT) is developed and added to the engine-CVT configuration [15]. The zero-inertia (ZI) transmission system was proposed by the University of Eindhoven with the addition of a PGS and a FESS in a conventional CVT system [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility Analysis and Performance Evaluation of a Novel Power-Split Flywheel Hybrid Vehicle

2018

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Despite the advantages of flywheel energy storage, including low cost, a long life-cycle, and high reliability, the flywheel hybrid vehicle (FHV) has not yet been mass-produced because it usually uses two transmissions, one for the engine and the other for the flywheel, which leads to cost, packaging, and complexity concerns. In this paper, a novel power-split flywheel hybrid powertrain (PS-FHV) that uses only one transmission is proposed to mitigate these issues. The proposed PS-FHV includes one continuously variable transmission (CVT) and three planetary gear-sets integrated with a flywheel, to provide full hybrid functionality at any speed, which leads to high fuel economy and fast acceleration performance. To prove and verify the PS-FHV operation, the system was modeled and analyzed using a lever analogy to demonstrate that the system is capable of performing power distribution and regulation control, which are required for hybrid driving modes. Using the derived model, PS-FHV driving was simulated to assess the feasibility of the proposed system and estimate its performance. The simulation results confirm that the PS-FHV is a feasible system and that, compared to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), it provides comparable fuel economy and better acceleration performance.

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Optimal Control of a Mechanical Hybrid Powertrain

Cited by 53 publications

References 16 publications

Optimisation of flywheel energy storage systems with geared transmission for hybrid vehicles

Optimisation of flywheel energy storage systems with geared transmission for hybrid vehicles

Optimal energy management for a flywheel-assisted battery electric vehicle

Feasibility Analysis and Performance Evaluation of a Novel Power-Split Flywheel Hybrid Vehicle

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