Optimal Cut-Off Values of Visceral Fat Area for Predicting Metabolic Syndrome Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Ningbo, China

Abstract

Objective To examine the optimal cut-off values of visceral fat area (VFA) for predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS) among type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients in Ningbo China. Methods A total of 1017 subjects were selected from T2D patients who accepted standardized management by the National Standardized Metabolic Disease Management Center at Ningbo First Hospital from March 2018 to January 2020. Demography and medical information were collected through questionnaires. Regional adiposity was examined by a visceral fat analyzer using the dual bioelectrical impedance method. Results Overall, 769 (75.6%) T2D patients were defined to have MetS. Patients with MetS had higher anthropometric values and biomarkers, compared to those without MetS. VFA was significantly correlated with risk factors of MetS. Further logistic regression models showed that VFA was significantly associated with MetS in men (OR=1.02) and in women (OR=1.03) (P<0.001 for both genders) after controlling for related factors. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the optimal cut-off values of VFA were 84.7 cm 2 for men and 81.1 cm 2 for women to predict MetS in T2D patients. Conclusion VFA was associated with MetS and could be an independent predictor of MetS in T2D patients. Clinical Trial Registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov , number: NCT03811470.

Lipid Accumulation Product Index Predicts New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Among Non-Obese Koreans: A 12-Year Longitudinal Study

“… 29 Studies have shown a high correlation of T2DM with obesity, especially visceral fat. 30 , 31 WC or BMI has been the classic index for visceral fat, accounting for the factor of obesity in patients, but WC is difficult to distinguish between visceral fat and subcutaneous fat, and BMI has limitations in viewing body composition. 32 , 33 As the number of non-obese T2DM patients increased, studies have aimed to find a more comprehensive index for predicting T2DM.…”

Positive influence of gut microbiota on the effects of Korean red ginseng in metabolic syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

“…Earlier studies reported that visceral fat area (VFA) was superior to BMI and waist circumference to predict MS and consequently, various cutoff values of VFA have been developed according to race, gender, and age [130][131][132][133]. Furthermore, it has been shown that VFA could be an independent phenotype marker of MS in type 2 diabetic patients [134]. Based on the abovementioned points, we opined that after the KRG treatment, the trial should be continued with routine analyses of the parameters and markers until the gut microbial profile is restored to its initial condition.…”

Lower Visceral Fat Area in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

“…5,[8][9][10][11] Obesity is usually measured using several indicators such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat mass, however, these indicators are unable to accurately distinguish between VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue. 12 At present, although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are the gold standard to directly measure VAT, these techniques are not feasible because of consuming time, expense, and radioactivity. 12 Recently, visceral fat area (VFA), measured by the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), has been recognized as a noninvasive, relatively accurate, and low-cost method of quantifying VAT.…”

“…12 At present, although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are the gold standard to directly measure VAT, these techniques are not feasible because of consuming time, expense, and radioactivity. 12 Recently, visceral fat area (VFA), measured by the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), has been recognized as a noninvasive, relatively accurate, and low-cost method of quantifying VAT. 12 Studies have demonstrated that VFA level may be strongly associated with IR, inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic syndrome (MetS), hyperlipidemia, diabetes and its vascular complications including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetic retinopathy (DR), albuminuria, and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction (one of the main types of diabetic neuropathy), 2,4,[12][13][14] all of which play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of DPN, 1 suggesting indirectly that VFA also appears to play a crucial role in the development of DNP.…”

“…12 Recently, visceral fat area (VFA), measured by the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), has been recognized as a noninvasive, relatively accurate, and low-cost method of quantifying VAT. 12 Studies have demonstrated that VFA level may be strongly associated with IR, inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic syndrome (MetS), hyperlipidemia, diabetes and its vascular complications including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetic retinopathy (DR), albuminuria, and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction (one of the main types of diabetic neuropathy), 2,4,[12][13][14] all of which play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of DPN, 1 suggesting indirectly that VFA also appears to play a crucial role in the development of DNP. There is preliminary in vivo evidence that subjects with DPN had higher VFA levels than those without DPN, and VFA level was associated with the presence of DPN in a small sample of young and middle-aged Korean individuals with T2DM, 7 however, no studies, as yet, have evaluated the association of VFA level with DPN in Chinese population, and the pathological mechanism underlying the relationship has not been fully understood.…”