Optimal Design for a Shared Swap Charging System Considering the Electric Vehicle Battery Charging Rate

Abstract

Swap charging (SC) technology offers the possibility of swapping the batteries of electric vehicles (EVs), providing a perfect solution for achieving a long-distance freeway trip. Based on SC technology, a shared SC system (SSCS) concept is proposed to overcome the difficulties in optimal swap battery strategies for a large number of EVs with charging requests and to consider the variance in the battery charging rate simultaneously. To realize the optimal SSCS design, a binary integer programming model is developed to balance the tradeoff between the detour travel cost and the total battery recharge cost in the SSCS. The proposed method is verified with a numerical example of the freeway system in Guangdong Province, China, and can obtain an exact solution using off-the-shelf commercial solvers (e.g., Gurobi).

Construction Planning and Operation of Battery Swapping Stations for Electric Vehicles: A Literature Review

“…In 2011, Israel's Better Place first promoted battery swapping in Denmark, then signed agreements on the development of electric vehicles in Australia, Tokyo and Canada, reaching the intention of building battery swapping stations. Tesla, an American electric vehicle giant, also launched a pilot project for replacing electric vehicles [19,21], and Gogoro, an electric motorcycle from Taiwan Province, also completed the layout of the electric motorcycle replacement network in Taipei. Although Better Place was finally declared bankrupt due to the break of capital chain, and Tesla's pilot project of power conversion did not continue to be implemented, the concept of battery swapping has attracted attention in China.…”

Electric Rickshaw Charging Stations as Distributed Energy Storages for Integrating Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources: A Case of Bangladesh

“…BSSs offer an energy service model rather than battery ownership, which minimises the risks of low battery lifetime to the vehicle owners [38]. BSSs also offer less investment compared to distributed EV charging points [39]. However, this option is rarely explored for e-rickshaws.…”

Energy consumption and carbon emission assessment of battery swapping systems for electric motorcycle

“…Despite these efforts, market penetration was far lower than originally predicted, leading to the company's bankruptcy [ 10 ]. In 2013, Tesla announced its plan and prototype for a battery swapping system but canceled it in 2015 [ 11 ]. Recently, Nio launched a business model of selling electrics vehicle without batteries, but the owner has to subscribe to leasing their battery pack [ 12 ].…”