Optimal design of blended composite laminate structures using ply drop sequence

A framework for design and optimization of tapered composite structures. Part I: From individual panel to global blending structure

“…solutions obtained by other researchers [4,[6][7][8][9][10][11] cannot satisfy the constraints presented in Eq. (8) except that in [15] and the present solution.…”

“…Ply orientation mismatch Dn-Dh {1, 2} 3 3 0 {1, 9} 2 2 0 {2, 3} 3 5 2 {2, 6} 3 5 2 {2, 10} 4 4 0 {3, 4} 1 1 0 {3, 6} 0 0 0 {4, 5} 2 2 0 {4, 7} 0 0 0 {5, 8} 4 Yang [9] Macquart [10] Irisarri [15] IJsselmuiden [8] Seresta [7] Adams [6] Soremekun [4] …”

“…A benchmark problem consists of 18 panels previously studied by various researchers [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]15] is adopted to verify the proposed design framework, as shown in Fig. 13(a).…”

“…The most widely used is a genetic algorithm (GA), an 18-panel horseshoes design problem was first proposed in [4], with a commercial software DARWIN used for optimization. After that, many researchers used improved GA [5,6] and modified GA [7][8][9][10][11] to solve this problem. The main concern of these studies is the efficiency of the algorithm and a blending requirement.…”

“…The main concern of these studies is the efficiency of the algorithm and a blending requirement. Hence, specific techniques were developed to address the blending problem, such as: guide-based design [6], inward and outward blending [6,8,10], generalized blending [7], a ply drop sequence (PDS) [9], a blending constraint can be imposed by modifying a chromosome implemented in the GA [11] to improve efficiency. Further, the GA was also applied to a wing-box design problem [12][13][14].…”