Optimal eco-driving for conventional vehicles: Simulation and experiment

Abstract

In this paper, the problem of eco-driving for a conventional vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine is studied. The associated optimal control problem is formulated and solved using Dynamic Programming (DP). The impact of the mesh choice on the optimality of the DP solution is investigated in order to find a trade-off between the optimality of the DP solution and its computation time. The eco-driving speed trajectories obtained were tested on a high-frequency HIL (Hardware-In-theLoop) engine test bench to quantify the real reductions in fuel consumption. Simulations and experiments are compared.

Optimal Predictive Eco-Driving Cycles for Conventional, Electric, and Hybrid Electric Cars

“…In this paper, the torque converter dynamics is not considered in the OCP formulation because it increases the complexity of the optimization problem (thus the computation time) and the experimental and simulation results are very close [6]. To summarize, the OCP is…”

“…under the dynamics (4, 5), the state and input constraints (6,7,8,9), and the final constraints (10,11). Thus, the optimized vehicle speed trajectory can be computed using (4) once the control variable u is optimized and the initial condition of the vehicle speed is known.…”

“…under the dynamics (4, 5), the state and input constraints (6,7,8,9). The time t i corresponds to the moment when the vehicle reaches the position (i · D f ) while the time t i+1 corresponds to the moment for the position (i · D f + D 0 ).…”

“…a D. Maamria In the off-line scenario, the constraints (speed limits and traffic information) are fully known in advance. This question was addressed for conventional vehicles in [4], [6], [11], for electric cars in [1], [5], [12], [13] and for hybrid electric cars in [9], [11], [14]- [16]. In this case, an upper bound on energy saving that can be reached through eco-driving, can be computed and used as a reference.…”

Synthesis of Pontryagin's Maximum Principle Analysis for Speed Profile Optimization of All-Electric Vehicles

“…Minimizing energy consumption is still a huge challenge for ground vehicles [12]. Powertrain technology has been in continuous improvement; nonetheless, drivers have not adapted their driving style to improve efficiency.…”