Optimal electric load prediction from the KLM model for ultrasound energy receivers

Gorostiaga, M.; Wapler, Matthias C.; Wallrabe, Ulrike

doi:10.1109/ultsym.2016.7728499

Cited by 6 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As we will see later, the acoustic boundary conditions are critical for an accurate optimal load prediction. Furthermore, it seems that the authors did not model the cables between the receiver and the LED bulb load, which influence the anti-resonance's frequency and impedance and therefore the optimal electric load value [17].…”

Section: Motivation For Developing the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The KLM model has also been used to optimize the energy transmission between emitter and receiver. The model was used in [17,19] to simulate the receiver alone and, both the emitting and the receiving transducers, together with the media in between, were modeled in [22]. However, there is no clear insight into how the parameters act on the energy transmission because the KLM model is built by concatenating matrices.…”

Section: Motivation For Developing the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disc type transducers can also be made of a mixture of polymer and piezoelectric materials, which are known as composite transducers. The special case of 1-3 composite transducers resonating in the thickness mode have been used for US energy transmission, for example in [17] and [18]. In this paper, we will focus on the thickness-resonating plate transducer, for which we will derive an analytic model based on the wave equation in section 2.…”

Section: Introduction: Ultrasound Energy Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytic model for ultrasound energy receivers and their optimal electric loads

Gorostiaga

Wapler

Wallrabe

2017

Smart Mater. Struct.

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In this paper, we present an analytic model for thickness resonating plate ultrasound energy receivers, which we have derived from the piezoelectric and the wave equations and, in which we have included dielectric, viscosity and acoustic attenuation losses. Afterwards, we explore the optimal electric load predictions by the zero reflection and power maximization approaches present in the literature with different acoustic boundary conditions, and discuss their limitations. To validate our model, we compared our expressions with the KLM model solved numerically with very good agreement. Finally, we discuss the differences between the zero reflection and power maximization optimal electric loads, which start to differ as losses in the receiver increase.

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Section: Motivation For Developing the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motivation For Developing the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction: Ultrasound Energy Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytic model for ultrasound energy receivers and their optimal electric loads

Gorostiaga

Wapler

Wallrabe

2017

Smart Mater. Struct.

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“…In this paper, we considered a second approach as explained in [13,24], which defined the electric load that maximized the power dissipation at the attached electric load in the receiver. F in Equation (1) at the front face of the receiver was a combination of forward and backward traveling waves due to acoustic impedance mismatch.…”

Section: Klm Model For Acoustic Power Linkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure 1, the transducers were mechanically pressed to the metal wall using Neoprene rubber with low specific acoustic impedance on the backside to minimize the emission losses. For the approach illustrated in Figure 1, the energy transmission depends heavily on the properties of the piezoceramic material [10], the acoustic impedance of the media [11], and the media attenuation [12], as well as the transmission frequency [13] and the attached electric loads [14]. In [14], the zero reflection and power maximization condition for a similar power link were compared to each other with water as the transmission medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Enhancement of an Ultrasonic Power Transfer System Through a Tightly Coupled Solid Media Using a KLM Model

Kar

Wallrabe

2020

Micromachines

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Contactless ultrasonic power transmission (UPT) through a metal barrier has become an exciting field of research, as metal barriers prevent the use of electromagnetic wireless power transfer due to Faraday shielding effects. In this paper, we demonstrate power transfer through a metal wall with the use of ultrasonic waves generated from a piezoelectric transducer. Accurate characterization and modeling of the transducer and investigation of the influence of the acoustic properties of the transmitting medium are instrumental for the performance prediction and optimal design of an ultrasonic power link. In this work, we applied the KLM model for the emitting and receiving transducers, with respect to the transmitting medium and model for both the emission and reception function. A practical UPT system was built by mechanically coupling and co-axially aligning two composite transducers on opposite sides of a transmitting medium wall. The optimal transmission performance of the ultrasonic power link through thickness-stretch vibrations of the wall together with two piezoelectric transducers working in TE mode was determined. Eventually, the operating frequency and ohmic loading condition for maximum power transmission were obtained for two different media, aluminium and polyoxymethylene (POM), with contrasting specific acoustic impedances. The results showed that the measured optimal electric loads and operating frequency for maximum power transfer agreed well with the theoretical predictions.

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Piezo Capsule: Ultrasonic Way of Wireless Pressure Measurement

Mutlu

Aghakhani

Sitti

2022

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Heart failure (HF) rates elevate worldwide with the aging population. Miniaturized and wireless implants with real‐time data transfer capability can alleviate the surgical complexities of cardiac pressure monitoring. Despite recent developments of mm‐size implants with complex circuitries and self‐powering units, a simple, passive, and effective implant design for the real‐time pressure reading is missing. Here, the piezo capsule, a simple, cost‐effective, and miniaturized passive ultrasound pressure sensing system, is introduced. The capsule design consists of a 1 mm‐cube‐sized lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer and a T‐shaped mechanical pin. The impedance changes of an interrogating ultrasound probe, which is ultrasonically coupled to the receiver implant, correlate to the electrical/mechanical loading of the piezo capsule. The ultrasonic sensing properties of the proposed device are characterized across a hard‐solid medium (e.g., plexiglass) and soft tissue‐like media (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and chicken breast tissue) and verified the impedance changes using finite element simulations. Last, dynamic wireless pressure readings of an artificial vessel for varying fluid flow pulse‐frequency and volumetric rate are demonstrated. The sensitivity of 0.375 Ω kPa−1 is achieved as the pressure changed from 14 to 86 kPa and pulse frequency from 0 to 100 bpm with a fixed flow rate of 8 mL min−1.

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Optimal electric load prediction from the KLM model for ultrasound energy receivers

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Analytic model for ultrasound energy receivers and their optimal electric loads

Analytic model for ultrasound energy receivers and their optimal electric loads

Performance Enhancement of an Ultrasonic Power Transfer System Through a Tightly Coupled Solid Media Using a KLM Model

Piezo Capsule: Ultrasonic Way of Wireless Pressure Measurement

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