Optimal energy supply structures for industrial food processing sites in different countries considering energy transitions

Abstract

This study focuses on analysing the most energy efficient utility system supply structure in terms of carbon emissions, primary energy efficiency and energy costs. In the German food processing industry, the state-of-the-art technologies in the utility supply structure are a gas fired steam boiler for steam generation and ammonia chillers for chilled water generation.Low investment costs and its durability are attractive for industrial production sites. But, given the ongoing energy transition to renewable energy, opportunities to reduce emissions will become increasingly important. There are other energy supply options, such as Combined Heat and Power and Heat Pumps, that need to compete against the conventional energy supply systems. In the short-term, countries with presently high electricity Grid Emissions Factors (GEF) such as Germany and the USA, the use of decentralised CHP results in savings of primary energy and emissions. This option is less attractive for countries with already low GEF such as Norway. It is also less attractive in the long-term for countries like Germany as the on-going energy transition towards renewables is anticipated to decrease the current GEF by 50% in 2030. In these cases of low GEF, HP solutions provide the lowest emissions and highest primary energy efficiency. HighlightsAssessment of supply chains from energy source to final consumption Quantified environmental impact of process heat supply technology Analysed outlook for industrial energy supply structures in different countries With future low emissions electricity, heat pumps are a key energy supply solution

Design of Robust Total Site Heat Recovery Loops via Monte Carlo Simulation

“…The method also avoids oversizing in any of the probable operation states. The simulations show that the tank size has only a small influence on the HRR, since the mean value varies only between 95.48% and 95.90% for tank sizes of 50-2000 m 3 . The standard deviations are very small (< 0.54%) but increase with decreasing storage size.…”

“…In this paper, 200 simulations are run to generate probable time series, since this number shows reasonable distributions within an appropriate computing time. Storage tanks with > 1000 m 3 ( Figure 15f) do not achieve any further heat recovery. A high HRR can be achieved with much smaller tanks.…”

“…In Europe, the food and beverage industry is the fifth largest energy consumer [1], consuming the highest share of low-temperature heat demand of the total process heat demand [2]. Using renewable energies and increasing energy efficiency are ways to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions [3]. First, the potential to reduce process energy demand can be identified using process integration methods [4].…”

A comparative study of industrial heat supply based on second-law analysis and operating costs

“…Atmaca and Yumrutas [9] presents results based on thermo-economic calculations, which can serve as decision whether co-generation or non-cogeneration for wood-processing company is sensible. Phillip et al [10] focuses on analyzing energy supply systems in food processing industry including gas fired steam boiler and ammonia chillers. Hartel and Sandau [11] developed two aggregation methods for representing heat supply systems (hybrid boilers, heat pumps, and CHP) in an adequate but computationally efficient way.…”

Increasing energy efficiency of milk product batch sterilisation

“…Energy optimization can be implemented at the utility level by integration of solar thermal energy [7], hot water loops in lowtemperature-pinch industrial processes [8], dedicated heat recovery loops [9], and Total Site Heat Integration through to Local Integrated Energy Systems [10]. Heat pumps also provide an efficient option to utilize renewable electricity from the grid [11] with low emissions [12] or in combination with geothermal energy [13]. At the process level, previous works in the area of dairy processing include a comprehensive analysis of milk powder production [14] as well as key processes such as the evaporation system [15] and spray dryer [16].…”