“…Grey wolf optimizer (GWO) has gained significant attention in recent years due to its flexibility, scalability, and few parameters [ 61 ]. It is applied in various applications such as gait analysis [ 62 ], structural strain reconstruction [ 63 ], engines [ 64 ], renewable energy systems [ 65 ], robotics [ 66 ], deep learning [ 67 ], wireless sensor networks [ 68 ], smart grid [ 69 ], medical [ 70 ], and energy management [ 71 ]. Even though GWO has been utilized in different applications, due to the complexity of real-world optimization problems, various improvements have been made in GWO in terms of updating mechanisms, hybridization, encoding schemes, multi-objective, and new operators.…”