Abstract:In this article, we investigated the efficiency of a magnetic resonant wireless power transfer (MR-WPT) in conducting medium and found out an optimal frequency for designing the system. In conducting environment, the eddy current loss is generated by the high-frequency alternating currents in the coils. It is manifested by increased radiation resistance of resonator coil leads to decrease the quality factor (Q-factor), which reduces the wireless power transfer (WPT) efficiency in conducting medium. The Q-facto… Show more
“…State-of-the-art wireless charge transfer techniques have efficiencies of about 40–60%. A coil of 340 cm or 11.15 feet in diameter has a maximum 60% power transfer efficiency while transmitting across 170 cm or 2.2 feet 10 . Such a small distance is extremely unsafe for on-the-go charging in most traffic scenarios and building/hosting such huge coils on both the receiver and the transmitter can be challenging.…”
Section: Related Work and Motivationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally, such solutions require the vehicles to be parked during the charge transaction process leading to a significant loss in BEV road time. Wireless charging schemes such as the one proposed by Kosmanos, D.et al 9 , are hard to implement (cost & feasibility) and will probably be ineffective (wireless charge transfer efficiency is 40–60% at best 10 ). Figure 1 Description of figures from left to right.…”
Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles due to benefits in improved fuel economy, lower operating cost, and reduced emission. BEVs use electric motors rather than fossil fuels for propulsion and typically store electric energy in lithium-ion cells. With rising concerns over fossil fuel depletion and the impact of ICE vehicles on the climate, electric mobility is widely considered as the future of sustainable transportation. BEVs promise to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions as a result of the transportation sector. However, mass adoption of BEVs faces major barriers due to consumer worries over several important battery-related issues, such as limited range, long charging time, lack of charging stations, and high initial cost. Existing solutions to overcome these barriers, such as building more charging stations, increasing battery capacity, and stationary vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) charging, often suffer from prohibitive investment costs, incompatibility to existing BEVs, or long travel delays. In this paper, we propose Peer-to-Peer Car Charging (P2C2), a scalable approach for charging BEVs that alleviates the need for elaborate charging infrastructure. The central idea is to enable BEVs to share charge among each other while in motion through coordination with a cloud-based control system. To re-vitalize a BEV fleet, which is continuously in motion, we introduce Mobile Charging Stations (MoCS), which are high-battery-capacity vehicles used to replenish the overall charge in a vehicle network. Unlike existing V2V charging solutions, the charge sharing in P2C2 takes place while the BEVs are in-motion, which aims at minimizing travel time loss. To reduce BEV-to-BEV contact time without increasing manufacturing costs, we propose to use multiple batteries of varying sizes and charge transfer rates. The faster but smaller batteries are used for charge transfer between vehicles, while the slower but larger ones are used for prolonged charge storage. We have designed the overall P2C2 framework and formalized the decision-making process of the cloud-based control system. We have evaluated the effectiveness of P2C2 using a well-characterized simulation platform and observed dramatic improvement in BEV mobility. Additionally, through statistical analysis, we show that a significant reduction in carbon emission is also possible if MoCS can be powered by renewable energy sources.
“…State-of-the-art wireless charge transfer techniques have efficiencies of about 40–60%. A coil of 340 cm or 11.15 feet in diameter has a maximum 60% power transfer efficiency while transmitting across 170 cm or 2.2 feet 10 . Such a small distance is extremely unsafe for on-the-go charging in most traffic scenarios and building/hosting such huge coils on both the receiver and the transmitter can be challenging.…”
Section: Related Work and Motivationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally, such solutions require the vehicles to be parked during the charge transaction process leading to a significant loss in BEV road time. Wireless charging schemes such as the one proposed by Kosmanos, D.et al 9 , are hard to implement (cost & feasibility) and will probably be ineffective (wireless charge transfer efficiency is 40–60% at best 10 ). Figure 1 Description of figures from left to right.…”
Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles due to benefits in improved fuel economy, lower operating cost, and reduced emission. BEVs use electric motors rather than fossil fuels for propulsion and typically store electric energy in lithium-ion cells. With rising concerns over fossil fuel depletion and the impact of ICE vehicles on the climate, electric mobility is widely considered as the future of sustainable transportation. BEVs promise to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions as a result of the transportation sector. However, mass adoption of BEVs faces major barriers due to consumer worries over several important battery-related issues, such as limited range, long charging time, lack of charging stations, and high initial cost. Existing solutions to overcome these barriers, such as building more charging stations, increasing battery capacity, and stationary vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) charging, often suffer from prohibitive investment costs, incompatibility to existing BEVs, or long travel delays. In this paper, we propose Peer-to-Peer Car Charging (P2C2), a scalable approach for charging BEVs that alleviates the need for elaborate charging infrastructure. The central idea is to enable BEVs to share charge among each other while in motion through coordination with a cloud-based control system. To re-vitalize a BEV fleet, which is continuously in motion, we introduce Mobile Charging Stations (MoCS), which are high-battery-capacity vehicles used to replenish the overall charge in a vehicle network. Unlike existing V2V charging solutions, the charge sharing in P2C2 takes place while the BEVs are in-motion, which aims at minimizing travel time loss. To reduce BEV-to-BEV contact time without increasing manufacturing costs, we propose to use multiple batteries of varying sizes and charge transfer rates. The faster but smaller batteries are used for charge transfer between vehicles, while the slower but larger ones are used for prolonged charge storage. We have designed the overall P2C2 framework and formalized the decision-making process of the cloud-based control system. We have evaluated the effectiveness of P2C2 using a well-characterized simulation platform and observed dramatic improvement in BEV mobility. Additionally, through statistical analysis, we show that a significant reduction in carbon emission is also possible if MoCS can be powered by renewable energy sources.
“…The outer diameter of the circular spiral is 4.5 cm and the total size of the MM unit cell is 5×5 cm 2 . This design can also be used as a resonator coil for wireless power transfer [40]. An equivalent electrical model MM unit cell is shown in figure 1(b).…”
Section: Magnetic Metamaterials With Negative Permeability and Waveguidementioning
In this work, we investigate the propagation of magneto-inductive waves (MIWs) in ordering magnetic metamaterial (MM) structures. The proposed non-homogeneous MM slab consists of 9 × 9 MM unit cells constructed from a five-turn spiral embedded on an FR-4 substrate. External capacitors with the value of 40 pF or 50 pF were added to control the resonant frequency of each unit cell in accordance with the waveguide configurations. The characteristics of metamaterial structures, such as negative permeability, current ratio, transmission response, and field distribution in the waveguide, have been thoroughly analyzed by simulation and experiment. Because of the strong magnetic field confinement in the waveguide, the transmittance after nine elements of the non-homogeneous MM slab is 5.2 times greater than that of the homogeneous MM slab. This structure can be applied to the planar near-field wireless power transfer, position sensor, and low-frequency communication.
“…For more information about multiple load in receiver can see in [18], [19], where several recent studies [20]- [24] talked about different techniques to how to design and get an acceptable result of power transferred wireless and show the result of different ways with simulation results. Also [25] is a modern study MRC-WPT system have suggested to test the effect of conducting medium on efficiency and get a result which is can a method to determine an appropriate frequency of WPT in conducting medium.…”
Section: Table 1 Power and Efficiency Comparison [4] N-n N-s S-n S-s ...mentioning
Wireless <span>power transfer (WPT) is a technology that is considered the focus of scientists' attention for its development and creation to be compatible with many devices that are used today and also consider one of the green technology apps which means any technology can reduce the effect of people on the environment which is today grow continuously. In this paper, a wireless power transfer for a mobile charger had been discussed to get a maximum power and efficiency power transfer. WPT is considered as a reliable technology, efficient, fast, not using wires, and can be used for short and long-range. There are three methods for WPT, electromagnetic induction, magnetic resonance coupling, and radio waves which are classified by the distance that sends the power. Magnetic resonance coupling is the method that has been focused on in this paper because of compatibility with short or medium distances as battery chargers which depend on the magnetic field to transfer power without wires that can protect devices from damages and heating. As result the effect of distance on efficiency has been discussed with reached to nearer distance can improve efficiency however by using magnetic resonance technique, acceptable efficiency can be obtained with appropriate distance.</span>
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