Optimal integration of a biomass‐based polygeneration system in an iron production plant for negative carbon emissions

Ubando, Aristotle T.; Chen, Wei‐Hsin; Tan, Raymond R.; Naqvi, Salman Raza

doi:10.1002/er.4902

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The higher the temperature and residence time, the lower the moisture and volatile matter. This is always due to higher devolatilisation and destruction of several biomass polymers, which are lean‐energy contents 80,84,85 . The impact of residence time on biomass yield and properties during torrefaction is however not pronounced as that of temperature.…”

Section: Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential basics on biomass torrefaction, densification and utilization

et al. 2020

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Summary Torrefaction and densification are crucial steps in upgrading biomass as feedstock for energy generation and metallurgical applications. This paper attempts to discuss essential basics on biomass torrefaction and densification, which can propel developing nation to take full advantage of them. The most promising clean energy sources that have found applications in various areas are biomass materials, that is, both the lignocellulosic and non‐lignocellulosic. However, high moisture contents, low energy density, hydrophilic nature, poor storage and handling properties are the major drawbacks limiting its usefulness. Therefore, torrefaction as one of the major thermal pre‐treatment processes to upgrade biomass in terms of improved energy density, hydrophobic, moisture content and grindability has been discussed. The influence of temperature, residence time, particle sizes and gas flow rates on the properties of torrefied biomass has also been discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of various torrefaction technologies have also been highlighted. The possible areas of application of torrefied biomass especially densification into pellets and briquettes alongside the equipment required for it have been reviewed in this paper. The torrefied biomass can be deployed in the metallurgical industries as reducing agent in the development of sponge iron from iron ores of various grade including lean ones. The information gathered in this paper from peer‐reviewed articles will reduce the burden of seeking to understand the preliminaries of torrefaction process and its importance.

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Section: Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential basics on biomass torrefaction, densification and utilization

et al. 2020

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“…12 Recent studies have explored the integration of a biomass-based polygeneration system to provide for the needed utilities while significantly reducing the CO 2 emissions and maximizing the profit of the iron manufacturing plant. 13 With the inherent carbon capture of CLC, recent studies have explored use of iron ore modified by potassium and copper as oxygen carriers in the generation of hydrogen. 14 In a life-cycle perspective, biomass is known to balance the CO 2 emissions which can significantly enhance the carbon capture capability of CLC by accounting the absorbed CO 2 in its growth stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eminent fossil fuel depletion and the heightened energy demand have shifted the sustainable production of metallic iron which utilize renewable energy technologies and sources . Recent studies have explored the integration of a biomass‐based polygeneration system to provide for the needed utilities while significantly reducing the CO 2 emissions and maximizing the profit of the iron manufacturing plant . With the inherent carbon capture of CLC, recent studies have explored use of iron ore modified by potassium and copper as oxygen carriers in the generation of hydrogen …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of iron oxide reduction by graphite for CO₂mitigation in chemical‐looping combustion

et al. 2020

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Summary Chemical‐looping combustion (CLC) provides a platform to generate energy streams while mitigating CO2 using iron oxide as a carrier of oxygen. Through the reduction process, iron oxide experiences phase transformation to ultimately produce metallic iron. To understand iron oxide reduction characteristics and optimally design the fuel reactor, kinetic and thermodynamic analyses were proposed, utilizing graphite. This study aims to evaluate the reduction behavior under the non‐isothermal process of various mixture ratios of hematite and graphite via thermogravimetric analysis with simultaneously evaluating evolved gases using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The Coats‐Redfern model was employed to approximate the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters which assessed the different reaction mechanisms together with the distributed activation energy model (DAEM). The results revealed that the hematite‐to‐graphite ratio of 4:1 had the highest reduction degree and had three distinct peaks representing three iron oxide reduction phases. The zero‐order reaction mechanism agreed with the experimental results compared with other reaction models. The thermodynamic analysis showed an overall endothermic spontaneous reaction for the three phases which signified the direct reduction of the iron oxides. The DAEM result validated a stepwise reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron. The study aids the optimal design of the CLC fuel reactor for enhanced system performance.

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“…29 Aristotle et al 30 proposed a unique biomass-based carbon negative polygeneration system for iron production plant. 30 Al-Hamed and Dincer proposed a multigeneration system based on ammonia fuel cell for electric rail. 31 The methodologies adopted by most of the scientists in the published literature are based on thermodynamic analysis evolving around mass and energy balances applied on various components of the proposed system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent study by Ratlamwala and Gill 29 proposed a solar‐based system for regenerative power plant and double effect cooling absorption 29 . Aristotle et al 30 proposed a unique biomass‐based carbon negative polygeneration system for iron production plant 30 . Al‐Hamed and Dincer proposed a multigeneration system based on ammonia fuel cell for electric rail 31 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the concept of a renewable energy based‐polygeneration system for sustainable thermal desalination process—A thermodynamics' perspective

et al. 2020

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Fossil fuel-powered thermal desalination processes have many harmful environmental effects including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and high-salinity brine discharge resulting in biological damages, in addition to energy losses because of the high temperatures of the streams leaving the desalination unit. In this study, a solar energy-based polygeneration approach has been proposed to address these issues. In the proposed system, concentrated solar parabolic trough technology is used to drive a multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination unit for production of fresh water. To recover the waste heat carried by the produced clean water, an organic Rankine cycle is integrated to produce electricity. In addition, to recover the waste heat carried by brine, an absorption cooling system is employed to provide cooling. In order to mitigate the effects of high-salinity brine, a pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) unit is installed, which reduces the salinity of the discharge and produces additional electrical energy. To ensure stable nighttime operations, a thermal energy storage (TES) system is also added to the system. A comprehensive thermodynamic analysis is conducted through mass, energy, and entropy, as well as exergy balances along with energetic and exergetic efficiencies to assess the overall performance of the system. The attained results show that at reference conditions with an overall parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) area of 100 000 m 2 , the system produces 583.3 kW of electricity, approximately 4284 kW of cooling, and 1140 m 3 of freshwater daily. Furthermore, the effects of changing operational conditions on the overall performance of the system are investigated. At design conditions, the overall energetic and exergetic efficiencies of the system are found to be 34.54% and 14.55%, respectively.

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Optimal integration of a biomass‐based polygeneration system in an iron production plant for negative carbon emissions

Cited by 25 publications

References 43 publications

Essential basics on biomass torrefaction, densification and utilization

Essential basics on biomass torrefaction, densification and utilization

Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of iron oxide reduction by graphite for CO₂mitigation in chemical‐looping combustion

Application of the concept of a renewable energy based‐polygeneration system for sustainable thermal desalination process—A thermodynamics' perspective

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Optimal integration of a biomass‐based polygeneration system in an iron production plant for negative carbon emissions

Cited by 25 publications

References 43 publications

Essential basics on biomass torrefaction, densification and utilization

Essential basics on biomass torrefaction, densification and utilization

Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of iron oxide reduction by graphite for CO2mitigation in chemical‐looping combustion

Application of the concept of a renewable energy based‐polygeneration system for sustainable thermal desalination process—A thermodynamics' perspective

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Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of iron oxide reduction by graphite for CO₂mitigation in chemical‐looping combustion