Optimal Location and Sizing of BESS for Performance Improvement of Distribution Systems with High DG Penetration

This research proposes an effective energy management dispatch (EMD) using a convex approximation for battery-based energy storage systems (ESS) and renewable sources in medium-voltage distribution networks. By means of the branch flow formulation, the exact nonlinear programming model representing the EMD is transformed into a convex model through a second-order cone programming relaxation. Two contributions are presented in this work. The first involves analyzing battery-based EES and renewable sources, specifically focusing on their operation with a variable power factor. This analysis considers the reactive power control capabilities of the power electronic converters that connect distributed energy resources to the grid. The second contribution involves evaluating a robust operation scenario by incorporating uncertainties in the availability of renewable generation and the expected daily demand profile. Numerical validations are conducted on two radial distribution networks composed of 27 and 33 nodes. These networks were chosen to represent the characteristics of rural and urban networks in the Colombian distribution system. The results are then compared against those obtained with a classical unitary power factor. The main goal of the proposed EMD is to minimize the expected annual grid energy losses and operating costs through a single-objective analysis. A comparison with metaheuristic optimization algorithms, such as the parallel version of the particle swarm optimizer, the vortex search algorithm, and a genetic algorithm, demonstrates the effectiveness of our convex EMD model for both objective functions under study. All numerical simulations, including the robust model, were run using MATLAB's Yalmip tool.INDEX TERMS Energy management dispatch; second-order conic approximation; robust active and reactive power dispatch; variable power factor operation; battery-based energy storage systems; Solar photovoltaic sources; urban and rural distribution grids.

Section: B Set Of Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Dispatch of DERs and Battery-Based ESS in Distribution Grids While Considering Reactive Power Capabilities and Uncertainties: A Second-Order Cone Programming Formulation

Garrido-Arévalo,

Gil-González,

Montoya

et al. 2024

“…ESSs are implemented to improve the PIs and enhance the HC by supporting the ADNs with additional active or reactive powers based on control schemes of their charging and discharging modes [52]. So, various optimization techniques are applied for specifying system reliability and minimizing the implementation cost by using the optimal allocation of ESSs in terms of their required capacity and suitable positions, as discussed in [38], [201], [321]- [325]. A comprehensive review of the state of the art of ESSs is established in terms of their topologies, control schemes, technical characteristics, benefits, and others, at both network and customer sides in [38], [289].…”

Section: ) Energy Storage Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Recent Developments of Hosting Capacity Estimation and Optimization for Active Distribution Networks

Mousa,

Mahmoud,

Lehtonen

2024

Recently, several types of distributed energy resources (DERs) have been developed to reduce the environmental impact and support the global demand for electrical energy. However, the continuous penetration of the DERs into modern power systems (MPSs) may cause several adverse impacts in terms of operation performance indices (PIs) and power quality issues, especially in low-voltage distribution systems (LVDSs). To cope with these serious impacts and achieve optimal control, the hosting capacity (HC) of DERs must be accurately estimated and optimally optimized. However, it requires an extensive communication infrastructure, which is hardly offered without clear financial benefits. In this regard, this article investigates the historical developments of HC definitions as well as the recent developments in terms of operational performance indices, and estimation methods for active distribution networks (ADNs) with the highpenetration level existence of the DERs, energy storage systems (ESSs), electric vehicle (EV) charging systems, sector coupling, hydrogen technologies, and multi-carrier energy systems (MESs) to deal with electrical, thermal, and cooling demands. In this regard, this review article is intended to exhibit an appropriate reference for comprehensive research trends in HC estimation and optimization based on ADNs. Additionally, it involves and covers most current research HC topics in detail compared to other published review articles. Moreover, the authors deliberate the recent approaches for evaluating and improving the HC, especially concerning data-driven methods, with the aid of various software for simulating real systems. Moreover, modern research trends and main factors of MPS operations are deliberated with current energy market developments. Also, prominent challenges, current status, and future aspects are discussed.

“…There have also been several optimization methods for BESS siting and sizing [16], [17]. However, those methods focus on the problems in the distribution system rather than the multiple BESSs to emulate a slack bus.…”

Section: B Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Allocation of BESS to Maximize Efficiency Under Constrained SOC in Parallel Inverter-Based Scaled-Up Slack Bus

Lee

2023

The parallel inverter-based scaled-up slack bus includes multiple battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to support the slack operation without short of real power. The multiple BESSs require a well-designed state of the charge (SOC) balancing algorithm for maximally effective usage. Until now, however, the SOC balancing algorithms only focus on strong SOC balancing without careful consideration of BESS efficiency during its charging and discharging. This paper proposes a soft SOC balancing algorithm based on the Levenberg-Marquardt (L-M) algorithm considering BESS's charging and discharging efficiency. The charges or discharges of the BESSs are primarily determined by their efficiencies that indirectly reflect the SOCs. As a result, the proposed method provides some margins to improve efficiency rather than tightly focusing on only the SOCs balancing between multiple BESSs (e.g., two BESSs with 0.7 and 0.4 pu of SOCs discharge rather than only one BESS with large SOC discharges when total output is 0.86 pus). The optimizations and balancing are conducted by MATLAB software. Their related converter interactions are simulated using a power system computer-aided design/electromagnetic transient including DC (PSCAD/EMTDC TM ), to measure data for optimization. INDEX TERMSEfficiency-based SOC balancing, Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, optimal SOC balancing, parallel inverter-based slack bus, scaled-up slack bus. I. INTRODUCTION A. MOTIVATION AND INCITEMENT SOO HYOUNG LEE (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the