“…The analysis of ML and AI category articles shows that these research efforts often seek to provide innovative solutions to deal with various challenges. Using MATLAB (Salim et al, 2023;Chen et al, 2022), SUMO (Nallaperuma et al, 2019), IEEE 33-bus (Ding et al, 2023) and Python (Ullah et al, 2022) simulations, the studies evaluate strong points and validate major contributions including optimized communication efficiency (Salim et al, 2023), reduced overhead (Salim et al, 2023), efficient model training (Akbar et al, 2023), privacy protection (Zhou et al, 2021) and real-time decision-making (Nallaperuma et al, 2019). However, common weaknesses include algorithm complexity (Salim et al, 2023), absence of real-world adaptation (Ding et al, 2023), data privacy concerns related to SDN infrastructure (Akbar et al, 2023), model drift (Zhou et al, 2021) and deployment challenges Big data challenges and opportunities (Ning et al, 2021b).…”