Optimal operation strategy of the hybrid heating system composed of centrifugal heat pumps and gas boilers

Electricity, gas, heat integration via residential hybrid heating technologies – An investment model assessment

“…The compatibility of new heaters with the existing building stock is important given that at least 75% of the existing buildings will still be standing in 2050 in the United States and Europe [16]. Li et al [14] determine the optimal operation strategy for a system composed of a large hybrid HP coupled with a gas boiler in a community-level district in China composed of residential and commercial buildings. They find that the hybrid system could reduce primary energy consumption by nearly half and considerably reduce operating cost compared to a coal-fired heating system, but do not offer a comparison against HPs.…”

A key review of wastewater source heat pump (WWSHP) systems

“…The heating capacity of the HP system and the gas boiler are chosen as 2.8 MW and 3.5 MW, respectively. It is reported in [35] that, compared to a conventional coal-fired boiler heating system, the operating cost savings ratio of 13.5%, and an energy saving factor of 45.2% can be achieved by the proposed hybrid heating system.…”

“…In [35], Li et al developed a hybrid heating system with a gas boiler and centrifugal HP utilizing sewage as a source of energy. They developed a mathematical model of the sewage source HP system, and an optimal operation strategy to minimize energy consumption.…”

“…It is found that the WW heat recovery system can achieve 33.9% reduction in energy consumption for space heating, and 27.2% reduction in potable water consumption for the New York case study, while for the other test cases, savings vary in the range of 17-57.9% and 15-34.1% for energy and potable water consumptions, respectively. A hybrid heating system with a centrifugal HP and a gas boiler was considered in [35]. The HP uses residential WW as a heat source.…”

Domestic hydrogen installation in Poland – technical and economic analysis

“…The price of an automated boiler and auxiliary devices is estimated as at least 3 800 € [17][18][19]. In the case of lacking gas connection the tank should be bought costing approximately 2 500 € [18,20]. Variable costs consist of technical supervision (40 € yearly) and the price of fuel (1000 € yearly).…”