Optimal Power Flow Incorporating Frequency Security Constraint

Nguyen, Nga; Almasabi, Saleh; Bera, Atri; Mitra, Joydeep

doi:10.1109/tia.2019.2938918

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For that, the authors determined the minimum system damping empirically relying on the load-frequency sensitivity index. Moreover, frequency stability constraints have also been proposed in planning and operation studies of large ACPSs, such as optimal power flow problems, by Wen et al (2016); Abhyankar et al (2017); Geng et al (2017); and Nguyen et al (2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizing of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Inertial and Primary Frequency Control

Alves¹,

Mota²,

Tedeschi³

2021

Front. Energy Res.

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The exponential rise of renewable energy sources and microgrids brings about the challenge of guaranteeing frequency stability in low-inertia grids through the use of energy storage systems. This paper reviews the frequency response of an ac power system, highlighting its different time scales and control actions. Moreover, it pinpoints main distinctions among high-inertia interconnected systems relying on synchronous machines and low-inertia systems with high penetration of converter-interfaced generation. Grounded on these concepts and with a set of assumptions, it derives algebraic equations to rate an energy storage system providing inertial and primary control. The equations are independent of the energy storage technology, robust to system nonlinearities, and rely on parameters that are typically defined by system operators, industry standards, or network codes. Using these results, the authors provide a step-by-step procedure to size the main components of a converter-interfaced hybrid energy storage system. Finally, a case study of a wind-powered oil and gas platform in the North Sea demonstrates with numerical examples how the proposed methodology 1) can be applied in a practical problem and 2) allows the system designer to take advantage of different technologies and set specific requirements for each storage device and converter according to the type of frequency control provided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizing of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Inertial and Primary Frequency Control

Alves¹,

Mota²,

Tedeschi³

2021

Front. Energy Res.

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“…The minimum inertia required by the system to maintain frequency stability in the event of a disturbance is discussed in this section. The equation for frequency deviation can be developed from the LFC model of multi-machine system [29] and is shown in (18).…”

Section: Minimum Inertia Requiredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizing of Energy Storage for Grid Inertial Support in Presence of Renewable Energy

Bera

Chalamala

Byrne

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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“…Only one of E c et and E d et would take effect at any particular time, which can be guaranteed by integrating binary indicators (v c et and v d et ) and adding exclusive constraint (8). The stored energy after frequency responses should be subject to the permitted energy ranges in ( 9) and (10), which provides enough energy headroom to sustain frequency responses for the duration time of PFR Δt P . Note that (9) gives out a clear correlation of the stored energy between the normal operation and post-regulation.…”

Section: B Frequency Responses From Bessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, frequency-constrained problems mainly concentrate on optimal operation such as economic dispatch (ED) and unit commitment (UC). For instance, [10] inserts nonlinear frequency deviation constraints into AC optimal power flow (ACOPF) to keep the frequency stability. Considering credible generation outages, [11] takes full usage of primary frequency reserves to satisfy the minimum frequency deviation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency-constrained Co-planning of Generation and Energy Storage with High-penetration Renewable Energy

Zhang

Cheng

et al. 2021

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

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Large-scale renewable energy integration decreases the system inertia and restricts frequency regulation. To maintain the frequency stability, allocating adequate frequency-support sources poses a critical challenge to planners. In this context, we propose a frequency-constrained coordination planning model of thermal units, wind farms, and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to provide satisfactory frequency supports. Firstly, a modified multi-machine system frequency response (MSFR) model that accounts for the dynamic responses from both synchronous generators and grid-connected inverters is constructed with preset power-headroom. Secondly, the rate-ofchange-of-frequency (ROCOF) and frequency response power are deduced to construct frequency constraints. A data-driven piecewise linearization (DDPWL) method based on hyperplane fitting and data classification is applied to linearize the highly nonlinear frequency response power. Thirdly, frequency constraints are inserted into our planning model, while the unit commitment based on the coordinated operation of the thermalhydro-wind-BESS hybrid system is implemented. At last, the proposed model is applied to the IEEE RTS-79 test system. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our co-planning model to keep the frequency stability.

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Optimal Power Flow Incorporating Frequency Security Constraint

Cited by 43 publications

References 32 publications

Sizing of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Inertial and Primary Frequency Control

Sizing of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Inertial and Primary Frequency Control

Sizing of Energy Storage for Grid Inertial Support in Presence of Renewable Energy

Frequency-constrained Co-planning of Generation and Energy Storage with High-penetration Renewable Energy

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