Optimal <scp>R</scp>&amp;<scp>D</scp> Policy and Managerial Delegation Under Vertically Differentiated Duopoly

Wang, Ya‐Chin

doi:10.1111/saje.12006

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…hydrogen adsorption/desorption region (from −0.2 to 0.1 V), double-layer capacitance region (from 0.1 to 0.5 V), and surface oxide (OH ads ) formation/stripping region (>0.5 V). 30 In the potential range from −0.2 ∼ 0.0 V, three hydrogen desorption peaks are observed at about −0.15, −0.05, 0.00 V, which are corresponding to the catalytic effects of Pt (111), ( 110) and (100) planes, respectively. Electrocatalytic activity is attributed to the structure sensitivity of sulfate anion adsorption rate on (100) and (111) planes and its inhibiting effect, 31,32 where catalyst with a high ratio of (100)/(111) were reported to have enhanced electrocatalytic activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

WO₃-N-doped Carbon Supported PtSn Nanoparticles for Improved Ethanol Oxidation

Wang

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A new nitrogen-doped carbon support for Pt-based electrocatalysts was prepared by carbonizing polypyrrole formed on the surface of WO 3 nanoparticles (WO 3 -CN x ). Morphologies of WO 3 -CN x and PtSn/WO 3 -CN x were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. PtSn nanoparticles were well-dispersed on the surface of WO 3 -CN x . Electrocatalytic results showed that PtSn/WO 3 -CN x is more active than PtSn/C in the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), since smaller PtSn nanoparticles were grown on the surface of WO 3 -CN x and highly electrically conductive WO 3 -CN x facilitated the electron transport occurred during the EOR. PtSn/WO 3 -CN x also exhibited better durability and higher stability in ethanol oxidation reaction than PtSn/C. These results indicated that WO 3 -CN x has potential to be used as a catalytic support with high-performance for Pt-based electrocatalysts used in fuel cells.PtSn nanoparticles deposited on carbon support are the most promising catalyst for the ethanol oxidation reaction among various Pt-based binary catalysts. 1 In order to further improve PtSn/C catalytic activity toward EOR, the efforts are currently focus on the effect of synthesis methods on the composition and structure of PtSn/C which have a huge impact on EOR catalytic activity. 2-6 Currently, carbon black is widely used as catalyst support material for Pt-based electrocatalysts. 7 However, the corrosion of carbon under the fuel cell operating conditions has been identified to be the major contributor to the low catalyst performance, durability and reliability, 8 which is one of the major barriers to the wide application of Pt-based electrocatalysts. The support for Pt-based electrocatalyst is of equal importance as the active material nanoparticles for the catalytic performance and stability of the catalyst. 8 Therefore, there is an urgent demand for developing alternative support with much better durability and stability. For the new alternatives, some requirements should be met, such as high surface area, high dispersion of catalytic metals and high corrosion resistance under the harsh fuel cell operating conditions. With regard to the development of alternative to conventional carbon support for fuel cell catalysts, a lot of work has been done in the past decades. The alternative support materials, including metal support, nitride, carbide, mesoporous silicas, metal oxides and conducting polymers have been widely investigated to solve the corrosion issue, which is suffered by the traditional carbon supports. 7 Among these alternative support materials, metal oxides are considered to be promising support materials using in electrocatalysts for fuel cell. Various metal oxides, such as V 2 O 5 , 9 WO x , 10 were developed as supports to enhance the stability and performance of Pt-based electrocatalysts. Among these oxides, WO 3 is considered as a potential non-carbon catalyst support for Pt and PtRu and the obtained Pt/WO 3 catalysts showed very high catalytic activi...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

WO₃-N-doped Carbon Supported PtSn Nanoparticles for Improved Ethanol Oxidation

Wang

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Same as Wang and Wang (2021a, 2021b), the production cost of the firm

i

is the quadratic form of output, namely

{c}_{i}=\frac{{H}_{i}^{2}}{2}

. The upstream firm holds the proportion of

\alpha \in [0,1/2)

shares of

{D}_{i}

.…”

Section: Basic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a vertical product differentiation model, Wang and Wang (2021a) analyze the impact of horizontal cross‐ownership on managerial delegation and social welfare. They find that there is a U‐shaped relationship between endogenous managerial delegation and cross ownership.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical shareholding, vertical product differentiation and social welfare

Wang

2023

Metroeconomica

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A vertically related market with vertical product differentiation is used to analyze the impact of vertical cross‐ownership on industry profit, consumer surplus and social welfare. With forward cross‐ownership, we find that when the upstream firm holds the share of the low‐quality downstream firm, the industry profit is increasing (decreasing) in the cross‐ownership if the product quality difference is large (small). When the upstream firm holds the share of the high‐quality downstream firm, the industry profit is increasing in the cross‐ownership. The cross‐ownership will lead to a higher consumer surplus and social welfare no matter the type of vertical cross‐ownership. We also consider the scenario that the upstream firm holds the share of both downstream firms.

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Managerial Delegation, Product R&D and Subsidies on R&D Investment Costs

Chou

2022

The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis &Amp; Policy

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This paper studies owners’ optimal designs of incentive schemes in a market with managerial firms competing in prices as well as in product research and development (R&D) investment in which owners use a linear combination of gross profits which are defined to be sales revenue minus production costs, sales revenue and R&D costs to evaluate managers’ performances. The main contribution of our research is showing that owners not only deflate R&D costs to induce managers to invest more in product R&D but also place different weights on production costs and R&D costs optimally. If product R&D is highly efficient, managerial delegation improves consumers’ surplus at cost of firms’ profits which is sharply contrasting to the standard conclusion of sales delegation under price competition. Moreover, managerial delegation may achieve Pareto efficiency if product R&D is mildly inefficient. Finally, we find that copyright protection benefits consumers’ surplus but could reduce social welfare.

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Optimal R&D Policy and Managerial Delegation Under Vertically Differentiated Duopoly

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

WO₃-N-doped Carbon Supported PtSn Nanoparticles for Improved Ethanol Oxidation

WO₃-N-doped Carbon Supported PtSn Nanoparticles for Improved Ethanol Oxidation

Vertical shareholding, vertical product differentiation and social welfare

Managerial Delegation, Product R&D and Subsidies on R&D Investment Costs

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Optimal R&D Policy and Managerial Delegation Under Vertically Differentiated Duopoly

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

WO3-N-doped Carbon Supported PtSn Nanoparticles for Improved Ethanol Oxidation

WO3-N-doped Carbon Supported PtSn Nanoparticles for Improved Ethanol Oxidation

Vertical shareholding, vertical product differentiation and social welfare

Managerial Delegation, Product R&D and Subsidies on R&D Investment Costs

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Product

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About

WO₃-N-doped Carbon Supported PtSn Nanoparticles for Improved Ethanol Oxidation

WO₃-N-doped Carbon Supported PtSn Nanoparticles for Improved Ethanol Oxidation