Optimal Simulation of Three Peer to Peer (P2P) Business Models for Individual PV Prosumers in a Local Electricity Market Using Agent-Based Modelling

Abstract

Solar photovoltaic (PV) is becoming one of the most significant renewable sources for positive energy district (PED) in Sweden. The lacks of innovative business models and financing mechanisms are the main constraints for PV’s deployment installed in local community. This paper therefore proposes a peer-to-peer (P2P) business model for 48 individual building prosumers with PV installed in a Swedish community. It considers energy use behaviour, electricity/financial flows, ownerships and trading rules in a local electricity market. Different local electricity markets are designed and studied using agent-based modelling technique, with different energy demands, cost–benefit schemes and financial hypotheses for an optimal evaluation. This paper provides an early insight into a vast research space, i.e., the operation of an energy system through the constrained interaction of its constituting agents. The agents (48 households) show varying abilities in exploiting the common PV resource, as they achieve very heterogeneous self-sufficiency levels (from ca. 15% to 30%). The lack of demand side management suggests that social and lifestyle differences generate huge impacts on the ability to be self-sufficient with a shared, limited PV resource. Despite the differences in self-sufficiency, the sheer energy amount obtained from the shared PV correlates mainly with annual cumulative demand.

Modelling End-User Behavior and Behavioral Change in Smart Grids. An Application of the Model of Frame Selection

“…230-231). However, recent studies have increasingly focused on the distribution of shared energy resources in local communities [36][37][38], which supports the above-mentioned assumption of energy as a common pool resource.…”

Renewable energy technologies on the path towards decentralized low-carbon energy systems

“…With tailored software, prosumers can help create demand programs, manage, automate, and automate their use, and improve overall reliability of power supply, making them more efficient and reliable. Such systems are not only going provides uninterrupted power, but also to work at lower cost, reducing the carbon footprint [12,13].…”

A Technical Review of Modeling Techniques for Urban Solar Mobility: Solar to Buildings, Vehicles, and Storage (S2BVS)

“…By such renewable energy systems integration, buildings are transferring their roles from conventional electricity consumers to electricity prosumers. As defined in [21,22], electricity prosumers are electricity consumers who produce electricity for their own consumption using distributed energy technologies. From the perspective of buildings, this transformation can help cut down grid power usage, thereby reducing the electricity costs as well as reducing carbon emissions if grid power is produced from fossil fuels [23].…”

“…The latter price is proposed due to the developing trends of building clusters and energy sharing concepts. A proper pricing strategy should be able to provide incentives for households when they share their surplus solar power generations [22]. Future work is needed to develop such a pricing strategy.…”