In recent years, with the global warming, distributed photovoltaic and energy storage have developed rapidly under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutralization. Photovoltaic can be added to the microgrid as a distributed energy, but the volatility and randomness of photovoltaic itself will reduce the stability of the entire electric system, and even affect the operation of the microgrid. The introduction of energy storage media brings a new chapter to improve the stability of power system, improving the income of microgrid, and reducing the volatility caused by photovoltaic power generation. With the gradual implementation of the real-time electricity price policy, the use of energy storage system to obtain economic benefits will be an economic direction of the future micro grid. Therefore, based on the analysis of the operation principle of photovoltaic and energy storage, this paper uses MATLAB to establish the simulation control model of photovoltaic and storage DC bus grid-connected, and verifies the rationality of photovoltaic and storage grid-connected. Secondly, the multi-objective mathematical modeling was carried out by minimizing the total cost, pollutant emission and energy storage utilization of microgrid. Finally, an improved multi-objective PSO algorithm is proposed, which combines the fast optimization ability of particle swarm optimization algorithm with the strong global search ability of artificial fish swarm algorithm, optimizes the economic operation of photovoltaic storage microgrid, and improves the solution performance of the algorithm.