Optimal sizing of storage tanks in domestic rainwater harvesting systems: A linear programming approach

Okoye, Chiemeka Onyeka; Solyalı, Oğuz; Akıntuğ, Bertuğ

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.08.015

Cited by 72 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…ECC kW h and the ECC % are defined in Eqs. (20) and (21), and are essentially the magnitude and percentage difference in total energy consumption between the TES scenario and the base case.…”

Section: Tes Performance Evaluation Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been much research into the water savings capacity of such systems in different configurations, and in different climates around the world [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Additionally, research in the United States has shown that rainwater collection and greywater re-use could potentially save energy on the utility side by reducing energy spent pumping and treating water and wastewater [24].…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these technologies have traditionally been limited to larger-scale applications (in the case of TES) for the commercial and industrial sectors and/or remote or water-scarce locations (in the case of rainwater harvesting for potable use). Because TES and rainwater harvesting systems traditionally benefit from economies of scale, these technologies generally have yet to be adopted en masse at the residential household level in the continental US [14,16,17,19,20,23,24,[38][39][40].…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling electric load and water consumption impacts from an integrated thermal energy and rainwater storage system for residential buildings in Texas

2017

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h i g h l i g h t sHydronic integrated rainwater thermal storage (ITHERST) system concept presented. ITHERST system modeled to assess peak electric load shifting and water savings. Case study shows 75% peak load reduction and 9% increase in energy consumption. Potable rainwater collection could provide $50-90% of water used for case study. a b s t r a c tThe United States' built environment is a significant direct and indirect consumer of energy and water. In Texas, and other parts of the Southern and Western US, air conditioning loads, particularly from residential buildings, contribute significantly to the peak electricity load on the grid, straining transmission. In parallel, water resources in these regions are strained by growing populations and shrinking supplies. One potential method to address both of these issues is to develop integrated thermal energy and auxiliary water (e.g. rainwater, greywater, etc.) storage and management systems that reduce peak load and freshwater consumption. This analysis focuses on a proposed integrated thermal energy and rainwater storage (ITHERST) system that is incorporated into a residential air-source chiller/heat pump with hydronic distribution. This paper describes a step-wise hourly thermodynamic model of the thermal storage system to assess on-peak performance, and a daily volume-balance model of auxiliary water collection and consumption to assess water savings potential. While the model is generalized, this analysis uses a case study of a single family home in Austin, Texas to illustrate its capabilities. The results indicate this ITHERST system could reduce on-peak air conditioning electric power demand by over 75%, with increased overall electric energy consumption of approximately 7-9%, when optimally sized. Additionally, the modeled rainwater collection reduced municipal water consumption by approximately 53-89%, depending on the system size.

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Section: Tes Performance Evaluation Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling electric load and water consumption impacts from an integrated thermal energy and rainwater storage system for residential buildings in Texas

2017

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“…Additionally, the study also demonstrates a novel method to determine the connected roof runoff catchment areas which may be used as a reference for future studies where catchment areas cannot be easily obtained. Several studies on rainwater tanks have previously made hypothesised assumptions for roof catchment areas that were generally based on the building guidelines relevant to the location of the households [21]. Sometimes, studies have relied upon map services to determine crude planar surface areas without taking the intricacies of roof angles, slopes and elevations into consideration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizing of Domestic Rainwater Harvesting Systems Using Economic Performance Indicators to Support Water Supply Systems

Umapathi

Pezzaniti

Beecham

et al. 2019

Water

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This paper presents a monitoring-based investigation of rainwater collection systems using economic performance indicators in a group of households with nonconventional end-uses for rainwater that are not traditionally associated with rainwater supply. The monitored data for five household rainwater tank systems were analysed in two stages. For the first stage, the data was empirically analysed to develop a method to predict effective roof catchment areas. For the second stage, the effective roof catchment areas, together with roof area connection percentages, were analysed against different types of water demands in individual households. The individual systems were investigated for yield capacities, costs and water security using a modified Roof Runoff Harvesting Systems average annual yield model based on daily water balance procedures. The Life Cycle Costing analysis of the systems using the model was based on the Capital Recovery Method by taking into consideration the capital costs as well as ongoing costs for maintenance, replacement and operation of the systems. The analysis established the optimal sizing requirements for the studied rainwater tanks and their corresponding roof area connectivity.

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“…Santos and Pinto [11] concluded that variation in rainfall profile has the most significant effect on the optimal tank size when they applied different criteria in the sizing of rainwater storage tanks. Okoye et al [12] proposed an optimization model to determine the optimal tank size of a single residential housing unit for rainwater harvesting and storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Design and Cost Analysis of Cylindrical Storage Tanks with Different Head Types by Using COMPRESS

Altinbalik

İsencik²

2016

World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering

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-Storages or transmission tanks as a pressure vessel appear in various areas as diving cylinder, reactor technology, petrochemical industry, distillation towers and rainwater harvesting tank. The main goal of this study is to propose a simple method to solve, with minimum effort and acceptable reasonable accuracy, the problem of designing a storage vessel subjected to uniform internal pressure by using a commercial program. Besides it discusses the use of stainless steel instead of carbon steel which is preferred in general in the construction of tanks. For this purpose a storage tank has been designed for 10 atm of internal pressure and a temperature of 120 o C and capacity of 1500 lt. The use of two different materials and three different head types has been chosen for the tank. The COMPRESS program, which is preferred for obtaining quick results in the design of this type of tank, has been briefly introduced, and the design makes use of this program and also meets the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section VII, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels Division 1 standards. Finally, weight, ease of production and cost analyses of the tank design has been made with respect to the different types of material and head type used.

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Optimal sizing of storage tanks in domestic rainwater harvesting systems: A linear programming approach

Cited by 72 publications

References 37 publications

Modeling electric load and water consumption impacts from an integrated thermal energy and rainwater storage system for residential buildings in Texas

Modeling electric load and water consumption impacts from an integrated thermal energy and rainwater storage system for residential buildings in Texas

Sizing of Domestic Rainwater Harvesting Systems Using Economic Performance Indicators to Support Water Supply Systems

Comparative Design and Cost Analysis of Cylindrical Storage Tanks with Different Head Types by Using COMPRESS

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