Optimal staging of serially staged rockets with velocity losses and fairing separation

Simultaneous Optimization of Launch Vehicle Stage and Trajectory Considering Flight-Requirement Constraints

“…However, the velocity loss for each stage does not necessarily scale proportionately to the velocity increment allocated to the stage, potentially leading to a suboptimal design [12]. Other recent studies adopted a different approach [14][15][16][17]. Instead of simply adding the loss terms to v req , they obtained the ideal velocity increment for each stage under the loss-free condition.…”

“…Also, g c and g p are the central and perturbed (considering J 2 term) gravity acceleration vectors, respectively. Equations (12)(13)(14)(15) are the differential equations for velocity loss components: pressure loss ( v L,p ), drag loss ( v L,d ), gravity loss ( v L,g ), and steering loss ( v L,s ), respectively.…”

“…The structural mass values presented in this table were used as the initial guess for the decision variables. We implemented the proposed simultaneous optimization framework and the method proposed by Koch [14] for comparison. Koch's algorithm requires iterations between trajectory optimization and staging problems.…”

Numerical study for the flame deflector design of four-engine liquid rockets

“…With the development of manned space technology, aerospace missions are becoming increasingly complicated, as such technology leads to greater difficulties in launching security (Taghavi et al, 2018;Zidane et al, 2019). To improve the launch power of the heavy launch vehicle, a scheme including many engines working simultaneously was selected, what is more, an increase in the vehicle's carrying capacity was attained (Koch, 2019). The engine exhaust gas impingement induces large aerothermodynamic and acoustic loads on the launch platform (Fang et al, 2019;Jiang et al, 2019;Wei & Liang, 2017).…”