Optimal synthesis of a Ni(II)-dimethylglyoxime ion-imprinted polymer for the enrichment of Ni(II) ions in water, soil and mine tailing samples

Abstract

A Ni(II)-dimethylglyoxime ion-imprinted polymer {Ni(II)-DMG IIP} was optimised by the uniform design experimental method and used to adsorb Ni(II) ions from water, soil and mine tailing samples. This aimed to improve the performance of this ion-imprinted polymer in trapping Ni(II) ions from soil and mine tailing samples which are characterised by complex matrices. The optimisation was carried out by varying the molar ratios of monomer to crosslinker to porogen and template to ligands, as well as by keeping these parameters constant and varying the concentrations of initiator, 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The optimal molar ratios of crosslinker to monomer, monomer to template and nickel(II) sulphate hexahydrate (NiSO 4 .6H 2 O) to 4-vinylpyridine to dimethylglyoxime were found to be 3.3:1.0, 0.6:1.0 and 1.0:0.6:3.6, respectively, with 30 mg and 8 mℓ as the optimum amounts of initiator and porogen, respectively. Through this optimisation, extraction efficiency for Ni(II) increased from 98 to 100% in aqueous samples. The extraction efficiencies for the soil and mine tailing samples were 98-99% and 99%, respectively, with an enrichment factor of 2 in mine tailing samples and ranging from 27 to 40 in soil samples. The method displayed good accuracy, as it was validated with certified reference materials (SEP-3 and BCR-142R) and the values obtained were close to the certified ones. The improved quality of results obtained from water, soil and mine tailing samples showed that the uniform design experimental method is effective and efficient for optimising imprinted polymers using a lower number of experiments performed.

Synthesis, characterization and application of ion imprinted polymeric nanobeads for highly selective preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of Ni2+ ion in water samples

“…Time is an important parameter in the binding studies as sufficient time should be allowed for the metal ion to bind to the sites of sorbent [35]. This is mainly because sometimes the binding sites are not on the surface; hence, sufficient time is required for metal ions to move towards binding sites [36].…”

Remediation techniques applied for aqueous system contaminated by toxic Chromium and Nickel ion

“…bulk polymerization (Demiralay, Andac, Say, Alsancak, & Denizli, 2010), precipitation polymerization(Otero-Romaní, MoredaPiñeiro, Bermejo-Barrera, & Martin-Esteban, 2009) and dispersion polymerization (Ersöz, Say, & Denizli, 2004). In many articles, the initiator AIBN is used, and for the leaching of template acidic media was used (Rammika, Darko, & Torto, 2012), EDTA is employed as a leacher (Ersöz et al, 2004). Several researchers employed 4-VP as a monomer (Rammika et al, 2012) and EGDMA as cross-linker (Singh & Mishra, 2010).…”

“…In many articles, the initiator AIBN is used, and for the leaching of template acidic media was used (Rammika, Darko, & Torto, 2012), EDTA is employed as a leacher (Ersöz et al, 2004). Several researchers employed 4-VP as a monomer (Rammika et al, 2012) and EGDMA as cross-linker (Singh & Mishra, 2010).…”

“…The instruments AAS (Singh & Mishra, 2010), spectrophotometry (Demiralay et al, 2010), and ICP-OES (Rammika et al, 2012) were used to determine Ni (II). Various aqueous samples were used for the determination of Nickel (II), i.e., river water (Rammika et al, 2012), sea water (Otero-Romaní et al, 2009) and wastewater (Saraji & Yousefi, 2009).…”

“…Various aqueous samples were used for the determination of Nickel (II), i.e., river water (Rammika et al, 2012), sea water (Otero-Romaní et al, 2009) and wastewater (Saraji & Yousefi, 2009). In the end, some advantages and disadvantages of reported methods have been compiled in Table 3.…”