Optimal thermal plasma processes for zirconium carbide powder production from zircon concentrates

Kostic, Zivota G.; Stefanović, P; Pavlović, Pavle B.; Pavlović, Zoran; Živković, Nikola V.

doi:10.1016/s0272-8842(00)00119-x

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The chemical inertness of zircon renders its processing a difficult task, and a large number of studies were carried out on this problem; several methods are used for industrial processing of zircon, including chlorination [7][8][9], sodium hydroxide fusion [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], sodium carbonate fusion [11,12,17], mixed alkali fusion [18][19][20], liming fusion or other alkali metal oxides [21][22][23], sodium hydroxide solution leaching [24,25], fluorosilicate fusion [26], plasma thermal dissociation in the presence of carbon [27,28]. Alkali fusion with NaOH is the most commonly used method in China due to the advantages of technically simplicity and low reaction temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two-step zircon decomposition method to produce zirconium oxychloride: alkali fusion and water leaching

et al. 2015

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In this work, a two-step zircon method to produce zirconium oxychloride was introduced, and the alkali fusion technique with NaOH and water leaching process were investigated. The effects of the operating conditions on the decomposition of zircon were determined, and the optimal conditions are as follows: alkali/zircon mass ratio of 0.7 at the first step and 0.6 at the second step (0.7 ? 0.6), fusion temperature of 700°C and fusion time of 0.5 h at the first step and 0.5 h at the second step (0.5 ? 0.5 h). Under these conditions, the decomposition alloy of zircon sand can reach 97.25 %. In the fusion process of zircon sand, the products of first step are mainly Na 2 ZrO 3 and ZrSiO 4 , the products of second step are Na 2 ZrO 3 and Na 2 SiO 3 , and the diffraction peaks of Na 2 ZrSiO 5 are not observed. The conditions of water leaching process were investigated as well, and the optimal conditions are as follows: liquid-solid ratio of 5:1, leaching time of 0.5 h, leaching temperature of 50°C and leaching three times. Under these conditions, the contents of leaching products SiO 2 and Na 2 O are 3.51 % (40 % ZrO 2 ) and 4.46 % (40 % ZrO 2 ), respectively. The crystal phase structures of Na 2 ZrO 3 and Na 2 SiO 3 are formed in water leaching process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two-step zircon decomposition method to produce zirconium oxychloride: alkali fusion and water leaching

et al. 2015

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“…Zirconium-oxychloride is mostly made from zircon sand [7,8]. Several studies have attempted to overcome the chemical inertness of Zircon to develop processing methods; currently, Zircon is processed using a different technique, such as chlorination [9][10][11], sodium hydroxide [12][13][14][15], sodium carbonate incorporation [16], mixed alkali fusion [17], the use of other alkali metal oxides such as liming and plasma thermal dissociation with carbon [18][19][20][21]. NaOH fusion, the most popular approach, has the advantages of being simple to use and requiring a relatively low reaction temp [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Partially Phosphorylated Polyvinyl Phosphate-PPVP Composite: Synthesis and Its Potentiality for Zr (IV) Extraction from an Acidic Medium

et al. 2022

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A newly synthesized partially phosphorylated polyvinyl phosphate derivative (PPVP) was functionalized to extract Zirconium (IV) from Egyptian zircon sand. The specifications for the PPVP composite were approved effectively via different techniques, namely, FT-IR, XPS, BET, EDX, TGA, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, GC-MS, XRD and ICP-OES analyses, which demonstrated a satisfactory synthesis of PPVP and zircon dissolution from Egyptian zircon sand. Factors controlling parameters, such as pH values, shaking time, initial zirconium concentration, PPVP dose, nitrate ions concentration, co-ions, temperature and eluting agents, have been optimized. At 25 °C, pH 0, 20 min shaking, 0.05 mol/L zirconium ions and 0.5 mol/L nitrate ions, PPVP has an exciting preservation potential of 195 mg/g, equivalent to 390 mg/L zirconium ions. From the extraction–distribution isotherm, the practical outcomes of Langmuir’s modeling are better than the Freundlich model. With a theoretical value of 196.07 mg/g, which is more in line with the experimental results of 195 mg/g. The zirconium ions adsorption onto the PPVP composite follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics with a theoretical capacity value of 204.08 mg/g. According to thermodynamic potential, the extraction process was expected to be an exothermic, spontaneous and beneficial extraction at low temperatures. The thermodynamic parameters ΔS (−0.03 kJ/mol), ΔH (−12.22 kJ/mol) and ΔG were also considered. As the temperature grows, ∆G values increase from −2.948 kJ/mol at 298 K to −1.941 kJ/mol at 338 K. Zirconium ions may be eluted from the working loaded PPVP by 0.025M HNO3, with a 99% efficiency rate. It was found that zirconium ions revealed good separation factors towards some co-ions such as Hf4+ (28.82), Fe3+ (10.64), Ti4+ (28.82), V5+ (86.46) and U6+ (68.17). A successful alkali fusion technique with NaOH flux followed by the extraction with PPVP is used to obtain a high-purity zirconia concentrate with a zircon content of 72.77 % and a purity of 98.29%. As a result of this, the improved factors could finally be used.

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“…ZrC has been used in nuclear plants as a low neutron absorbing and high mechanically resistant refractory material and also as a constituent in cathodes made of UC-ZrC. It is also used in the form of tubes, boats and crucibles to handle molten metals and as part of electronic devices used for thermoionic transducers [4] . Silicon carbide (SiC) is an important semiconductor which can be operated at high powers, high temperatures, and high frequencies [5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma-Chemical Synthesis of Nanosized Powders-Nitrides, Carbides, Oxides, Carbon Nanotubes and Fullerenes

Zaharieva¹,

Vissokov²,

Grabis³

et al. 2012

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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Optimal thermal plasma processes for zirconium carbide powder production from zircon concentrates

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

A two-step zircon decomposition method to produce zirconium oxychloride: alkali fusion and water leaching

A two-step zircon decomposition method to produce zirconium oxychloride: alkali fusion and water leaching

A New Partially Phosphorylated Polyvinyl Phosphate-PPVP Composite: Synthesis and Its Potentiality for Zr (IV) Extraction from an Acidic Medium

Plasma-Chemical Synthesis of Nanosized Powders-Nitrides, Carbides, Oxides, Carbon Nanotubes and Fullerenes

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