Optimal Treatment of Non-Muscle Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma Including Perioperative Management Revisited

Abstract

Non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma is a heterogeneous disease that requires the practicing urologist to implement a variety of surgical and non-surgical treatment strategies. The disease course can range from recurrent low grade papillary disease to aggressive disease concerning for progression from initial presentation. Depending on the particular patient and goals of care, treatments similarly span the range from minimally invasive fulgurations to immediate radical cystectomy. For most patients some form of intravesical therapy will bridge the gap between transurethral resections (TUR) and radical surgery. Recent advances in the field continue to emphasize the importance of quality TUR and its strong impact on outcomes. In addition, continued research to optimize intravesical therapies has provided more information about how, when, and in whom these agents should be utilized to enhance their efficacy. This review covers the current state of NMIBC and the standards of care for the management of this disease.

Exploring the Pathological Mechanism of Bladder Cancer Based on Tumor Mutational Burden Analysis

“…According to the clinical staging criteria, nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, muscle invasive bladder cancer, and metastatic urothelial carcinoma have different treatment methods and therapeutic effects. Primary noninvasive bladder cancer can be remedied by transurethral resection or intravesical injection [4, 5]. Nevertheless, cisplatin-based chemotherapy was first used for muscle-infiltrating urothelial carcinoma before radical cystectomy or the option of bladder preservation [6, 7].…”