Optimisation of 3D printed concrete for artificial reefs: Biofouling and mechanical analysis

Ly, Océane; Yoris-Nobile, Adrian I.; Sebaïbi, Nassim; Blanco-Fernández, Elena; Boutouil, Mohamed; Castro-Fresno, Daniel; Hall, Alice; Herbert, Roger J.H.; Deboucha, Walid; Reis, Bianca; Franco, João N.; Borges, Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro; Sousa-Pinto, Isabel; Linden, Pieter van der; Stafford, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121649

Cited by 50 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Underwater 3DCP can be applied to the maintenance of damaged underwater structures. Underwater structures with complex shapes depending on the purpose of use, such as wave-dissipating blocks and reef blocks, have limitations in manufacturing them with formwork; however, the underwater 3DCP technology will enable optimized underwater structure production [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Properties of 3D-Printed Mortar in Air vs. Underwater

et al. 2021

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Research and technological advancements in 3D concrete printing (3DCP) have led to the idea of applying it to offshore construction. The effect of gravity is reduced underwater, which can have a positive effect on 3DCP. For basic verification of this idea, this study printed and additively manufactured specimens with the same mortar mixture in air and underwater and evaluated properties in the fresh state and the hardened state. The mechanical properties were evaluated using the specimens produced by direct casting to the mold and specimens produced by extracting from the additive part through coring and cutting. The results of the experiment show that underwater 3D printing required a greater amount of printing output than in-air 3D printing for a good print quality, and buildability was improved underwater compared to that in air. In the case of the specimen layered underwater, the density and compressive strength decreased compared to the specimen layered in air. Because there are almost no effects of moisture evaporation and bleeding in water, the interlayer bond strength of the specimen printed underwater was somewhat larger than that printed in air, while there was no effect of the deposition time interval underwater.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Properties of 3D-Printed Mortar in Air vs. Underwater

et al. 2021

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“…Ly et al developed a set of 3D printable mixtures made of cements and geopolymers filled with recycled sands. This new material was then used to fabricate artificial reefs immersed in the Atlantic coast [64]. Mantelli et al used a recycled glass fiber reinforced polymer from dismantled wind blades for 3D printer components, i.e., an extrusion head support [65].…”

Section: Academic Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Materials, and Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing in Circular Economy Contexts: From Waste to New Products

2021

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The transition toward circular economy models has been progressively promoted in the last few years. Different disciplines and strategies may significantly support this change. Although the specific contribution derived from design, material science, and additive manufacturing is well-established, their interdisciplinary relationship in circular economy contexts is relatively unexplored. This paper aims to review the main case studies related to new circular economy models for waste valorization through extrusion-based additive manufacturing, circular materials, and new design strategies. The general patterns were investigated through a comprehensive analysis of 74 case studies from academic research and design practice in the last six-year period (2015–2021), focusing on the application fields, the 3D printing technologies, and the materials. Further considerations and future trends were then included by looking at the relevant funded projects and case studies of 2021. A broader number of applications, circular materials, and technologies were explored by the academic context, concerning the practice-based scenario linked to more consolidated fields. Thanks to the development of new strategies and experiential tools, academic research and practice can be linked to foster new opportunities to implement circular economy models.

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“…Thus, colonisation of hard substrata by MPB is a crucial step for the following ecological succession of new hard substrata in marine environments. The photo-biological features of these biofilms may be cues that drive subsequent colonisation stages by mediating the bio-adhesion of planktonic metazoan larvae during settlement (Olivier et al 2000;Tamburri et al 2008;Hladyz et al 2011;Whalan and Webster 2014;Ly et al 2020).…”

Section: Q2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of infrastructure material composition and microtopography on marine biofilm growth and photobiology

et al. 2021

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The impact of concrete composition and roughness on the formation of microalgal biofilms and their photobiology were studied on marine infrastructures presenting four different compositions combined with two degrees of roughness (rough and smooth). The structures were first inoculated with a natural microphytobenthic biofilm and immersed in sterilised seawater with a controlled photoperiod for six days. Photosynthetic activity was assessed with an imaging PAM-(Pulse Amplitude Modulated) fluorometer and microtopography was monitored in parallel with a 3-D camera. The results indicated that roughness had an impact on the biofilm biomass, its physiological status and its photosynthetic efficiency and capacity. The assessment of surface roughness indicated that negative reliefs were preferably colonised by MPB (microphytobenthos) cells with better photosynthetic performances. Moreover, MPB biofilms showed better photoacclimation in these microhabitats than on the positive and smooth reliefs. This study confirms the importance of microhabitat for biofilm formation and their photobiology.

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Optimisation of 3D printed concrete for artificial reefs: Biofouling and mechanical analysis

Cited by 50 publications

References 24 publications

Comparison of Properties of 3D-Printed Mortar in Air vs. Underwater

Comparison of Properties of 3D-Printed Mortar in Air vs. Underwater

Design, Materials, and Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing in Circular Economy Contexts: From Waste to New Products

Influence of infrastructure material composition and microtopography on marine biofilm growth and photobiology

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