Optimisation of p ⁺ doping level of n ⁺ - p - p ⁺ bifacial b.s.f. solar cells by ion implantation

Optimization of Back-Surface Field for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Estimating the Firing Temperature depending on the Amount of Printed Aluminum

“…The optimal doping concentration of BSF was 1×10 19 cm -3 with efficiency of 18.02%. The optimum BSF doping concentration has been reported experimentally as around the similar values in 1×10 19 cm -3 and 5×10 19 cm -3 [20]. In addition to the optimization study of the BSF thickness and concentration using Afors-Het, BSF thickness dependence on the printed Al paste amount and the peak firing temperature was estimated using Equations (1) and (2) utilizing to the Al-Si phase diagram [17].…”

First bifacial PV modules early 1983

“… Transcell with a n + pn + structure (Luque, 1976;Luque et al, 1978)  Vertical Multijunction cell, made up of a pile of n + pp + wafers (Luque et al, 1979).  Double Sided Back Surface Field Cell with a p + nn + structure (Eguren et al, 1981).…”

“…Among the three cell structures, the selected one was the double-sided surface field with a p + nn + structure i.e. a n-PERT (Passivated Emitter Rear Totally diffused) cell, which, at that time, had a proven efficiency of 15.7% with front illumination and 12.7% with back illumination (Eguren et al, 1981) (Fig. 1).…”

“…In this paper we present the pioneering ISOFOTON experience, introducing bifacial PV modules, based on proprietary n-PERT cell technology (Eguren et al, 1981) to the market for the first time in 1983.…”

Optimization of the base thickness of an (n+/p/p+) bifacial silicon solar cell illuminated from the back side, using short-wavelength light: Resonance Effect on the diffusion coefficient in temperature under applied magnetic field

“…As a result, the photogenerated carriers travel a distance (L) to reach the space charge region (SCR), in order to participate in the photocurrent. This distance is the diffusion length, and related by the Einstein relation, to the lifetime (τ) and the diffusion coefficient (D) which is influenced by physical parameters [9][10][11][12] due to manufacturing and the operating [13] conditions of the solar cell.…”