Optimisation of sample geometry for thermo‐mechanical testing of precipitation hardenable nickel‐based superalloys with an ETMT machine

Abstract

Accurate determination of thermo‐mechanical properties in precipitation hardenable materials using an electro‐thermal mechanical testing (ETMT) system is a well‐established challenge. The non‐uniform distribution of temperature resulting from heating based on the joule effect (i.e., resistivity heating) leads to heterogeneous deformation along the gauge length, owing to the temperature dependency of mechanical properties, which makes their direct measurements complicated. This study presents an evaluation of four different miniaturised sample geometries that were tested to achieve an optimised sample with acceptable uniform strain and temperature distributions in the gauge volume. In‐situ displacement mapping, using digital image correlation (DIC), was utilised to calibrate the optimised sample dimensions with the aim of forcing the deformation to the hottest region of the gauge lengths during the tests. Tests were carried out on Inconel 718 (IN718) at 720°C, an optimal temperature for the precipitation of γ″, the primary strengthening particle in this alloy. The results showed that only in the case of the geometry proposed in this study (i.e., a sample with a short gauge length [~2 mm]) did the deformation acceptably localise at the centre, compared to other geometries. A correction methodology is developed that equates the strain measured using DIC over the 2 mm gauge length of the modified sample geometry with the strain measured using the linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) integrated to the ETMT, making future tests on IN718, and other precipitation hardenable materials, possible without the need for the use of a DIC system.

Evaluation of cracking risk of 80MnSi8-6 nanobainitic steel during hot forging in the range of lower temperature limits

“…An interesting approach to this issue was presented by Szalai et al [23], who used a DIC system to assess the effectiveness of lubricants and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films applied during the deformation of thin aluminum sheets manufactured for the electronic and automotive industries. In another study [24], this measurement technique was applied to accurately determine the thermo-mechanical properties of the agehardenable Inconel 718 alloy. In the work of Van der Heijde et al [25], the focus was on assessing the influence of sample thickness on the occurrence of the Lüders effect in hot-rolled AISI 1524 steel.…”