Optimisation of the selectivity of a pulsed flame photometric detector for unknown compound screening

Impedance Based Detection of Chemical Warfare Agent Mimics Using Ferrocene-Lysine Modified Carbon Nanotubes

“…Point (or in situ) detectors respond to the presence of CWAs in the immediate vicinity of the detector. Common techniques which are used in point detectors include ion mobility spectrometry, flame photometry, mass spectrometry, − photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy, surface acoustic wave techniques, electrochemistry, , and “wet chemistry” detection kits . Point detectors often offer good sensitivity at an affordable price, but some techniques (such as “wet chemistry” methods) may not be suitable for continuous monitoring.…”

Gas Chromatography in Screening of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention

“…Killelea and Aldstadt (59) used PFPD in the arsenic-selective mode for the analysis of organoarsenic chemicals. Le Harle and Bellier (60) noticed the risk of false-positive detection of P-containing compounds on the sulfur line, and therefore the optimization of the selectivity of this detector is very important.…”

Observations on comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography coupled with flame photometric detection for sulfur- and phosphorus-containing compounds

“…The organophosphate compounds contain various ratios of S, with one P atom. Compounds with no S atom (3,13) have no response in S-mode. Compounds with one S atom (compounds 1, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10) generally have no, or poor response in the S-mode.…”

“…As compared to the other more complex and/or expensive selective detectors for this purpose such as the pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD), sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD), atomic emission detector (AED), and nitrogen chemiluminescence detector, the single-flame FPD does not require a high level of expertise for calibration, tuning, and maintenance to achieve adequate performance for trace level quantification in most analytical laboratories. [1][2][3] The detection by flame photometry for S-and P-compounds is based on the selected chemiluminescence of the electronically excited S 2 * and HPO* molecules that yield strong specific optical emission bands with maxima at 394 nm and 526 nm respectively, when exposed to a hydrogen-rich flame. 4,5 The selectivity of FPD response for both sulfur and phosphorus compared with hydrocarbons can be up to 1 Â 10 6 : 1, with the detection limit reported to be as low as 3.6 pg/s for sulfur and 60 fg/s for phosphorus.…”