Optimisation of Ultrasonic-Microwave-Assisted Extraction Conditions for Polysaccharides from Mulberry（Morus atropurpurea Roxb) Leaves and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities in vitro

Abstract

IntroductionDuring the past decades, the polysaccharides from medicinal plants have attracted great attentions, due to their diverse and potentially significant pharmacological activities. The leaves of mulberry, as a folk medicine, has been traditionally used in Asian countries for purposes to treat fever, protect the liver, improve eyesight, strengthen joints, facilitate the discharge of urine, reduce blood glucose and lower blood pressure [1]. Mulberry leaves extracts have shown multi-direction biological activities, such as the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-atherosclerotic, and significant hypoglycemic effect [2][3][4][5][6][7]. A large amount of polysaccharides was contained in mulberry leaves, and their useful pharmacological effects, such as hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering activities, have been verified [8]. Polysaccharides from the leaves of mulberry (PLM) have displayed a broad application prospect in medicine and functional food.Extraction of polysaccharides is an important processing for its application or further research and development, which has prompted many research papers on the extraction technology of polysaccharides from plentiful of plants or fungus in recent years. Response surface methodology (RSM) was successfully used for optimizing the hot water extraction of polysaccharides from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula [9] and Prediction of optimum reaction conditions for the thermotolerant acetylxylan esterase from Neocallimastix patriciarum [10]. The advantage of RSM was that it could reduce the number of experimental trials and evaluate the interactions between multiple parameters. It is more effective and precise than many approaches. Ultrasonic technology and microwave technology were respectively applied to extract polysaccharides from Poria cocos [11] and cultured Cordyceps militaris [12], and the optimal extracted conditions were both obtained by RSM.However, there were few reports about optimization of ultrasonicmicrowave-assisted extraction (UMAE) of polysaccharides, especially Abstract Background: In this study, ultrasonic-microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE) was first applied to extract polysaccharides from the leaves of mulberry (PLM). The optimal conditions for polysaccharides extraction were determined by response surface methodology (RSM) along with central composite design (CCD) based on the singlefactor experiments. Extraction temperature (°C), extraction time (s), pH value, and ratio of water to raw material were investigated. Also, the antioxidant activities of PLM with UMAE were evaluated.

Design of experiment approach for the process optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from mulberry leaves by response surface methodology

“…Microwaveassisted extraction of polysaccharides has been used widely (Soria et al, 2014). To the best of our knowledge, the optimization of the polysaccharide extraction from mulberry leaves have only a few been reported (Ying et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2015;Thirugnanasambandham et al, 2015). In this study, Box-Behnken design (BBD) was selected to optimize the extraction parameters by response surface methodology (RSM) (Bezerra et al, 2008).…”

Extração de polissacarídeos da goma do cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.) e desenvolvimento de nanoemulsão de cinamaldeído através de ultrassom

“…Nas últimas duas décadas, essas deficiências têm impulsionado cientistas e pesquisadores a desenvolver e/ou aprimorar métodos alternativos de extração, passíveis de automação e que superem as limitações dos métodos convencionais . Como proposta, têm-se destacado a utilização do ultrassom (Chen et al, 2015;Hu et al, 2018b;Sekachaei et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2016c), do micro-ondas (Leão et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2015a; Rostami e Gharibzahedi, 2016), a utilização de enzimas (Mai et al, 2015;Nguyen et al, 2017), do campo elétrico pulsado (de Oliveira et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2016;Parniakov et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2017), do aquecimento ôhmico (Saberian et al, 2018), dos fluidos supercríticos (Chen et al, 2014a;Saravana et al, 2018;Zou et al, 2018), da alta pressão (Chen et al, 2014b;Guo et al, 2014;Shene et al, 2016; ou da combinação simultânea destes métodos (Liu et al, 2015b;Lu et al, 2017;Wu et al, 2014;Xu et al, 2018) como alternativa aos métodos convencionais.…”