Optimising membrane performance — practical experiences

Dudley, L.Y.; Pisano, Fernando del Vigo; Fazel, Max

doi:10.1016/s0958-2118(00)88793-5

Cited by 5 publications

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“…It is evident when undesirable solids and biomass deposit on the membrane surfaces after prolonged of operation. The major ions that cause fouling and scaling problems on the membrane of RO include calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, sulfate, silica, iron and barium [1,2]. Sodium, a dominant ion in feed water such as seawater and brackish water encountered in the form of NaCl also considered in fouling problems during RO operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Model for Build-Up of Sodium and Calcium Ions in Small Scale Reverse Osmosis

Nasir

2011

MST

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A simple models for predicting build-up of solute on membrane surface were formulated in this paper. The experiments were conducted with secondary effluent, groundwater and simulated feed water in small-scale of RO with capacity of 2000 L/d. Feed water used in the experiments contained varying concentrations of sodium, calcium, combined sodium and calcium. In order to study the effect of sodium and calcium ions on membrane performance, experiments with ground water and secondary effluent wastewater were also performed. Build-up of salts on the membrane surface was calculated by measuring concentrations of sodium and calcium ions in feed water permeate and reject streams using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Multiple linear regression of natural logarithmic transformation was used to develop the model based on four main parameters that affect the build-up of solute in a small scale of RO namely applied pressure, permeate flux, membrane resistance, and feed concentration. Experimental data obtained in a small scale RO unit were used to develop the empirical model. The predicted values of theoretical build-up of sodium and calcium on membrane surface were found in agreement with experimental data. The deviation in the prediction of build-up of sodium and calcium were found to be 1.4 to 10.47 % and 1.12 to 4.46%, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Model for Build-Up of Sodium and Calcium Ions in Small Scale Reverse Osmosis

Nasir

2011

MST

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Advanced Membrane Fouling Characterization in Full-Scale Reverse Osmosis Processes

Song

Tay

2010

Membrane and Desalination Technologies

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Fouling alleviation and control in full-scale reverse osmosis (RO) processes can be seriously hindered by ineffective fouling characterization. Fouling characterization is currently done primarily by measuring the silt density index (SDI) of feed water and monitoring the average permeate flux of full-scale RO processes. However, the SDI or related fouling indices have been known not capable to catch all possible foulants to RO membranes, and the average permeate flux may fail to correctly reflect membrane fouling in full-scale RO processes under certain circumstances.In this chapter, an advanced characterization method is introduced for membrane fouling in full-scale RO processes. An inclusive fouling potential indicator is proposed for a better characterization of the fouling strength of feed water, which is defined in a way that it can be easily determined with a small lab-scale RO membrane device and that it is readily usable to predict fouling development in the full-scale RO processes. A model based on basic membrane filtration and mass conservation principles is presented to calculate the average permeate flux in a full-scale RO process as fouling is progressing. The main intention of the advanced characterization method is to provide a reliable assessment of membrane fouling in the full-scale RO processes, so that the need for pilot tests can be significantly reduced.

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A more effective method for fouling characterization in a full-scale reverse osmosis process

Tay

Song

2005

Desalination

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Optimising membrane performance — practical experiences

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

An Empirical Model for Build-Up of Sodium and Calcium Ions in Small Scale Reverse Osmosis

An Empirical Model for Build-Up of Sodium and Calcium Ions in Small Scale Reverse Osmosis

Advanced Membrane Fouling Characterization in Full-Scale Reverse Osmosis Processes

A more effective method for fouling characterization in a full-scale reverse osmosis process

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