Optimising the use of phosphorus sources in growing meat ducks

Rodehutscord, M.

doi:10.1017/s0043933906001127

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Phosphorus concentrations were calculated to be slightly below the estimated requirement, as 145 suggested by Rodehutscord (2005). The calculated concentrations of ME were 12.2 and 12.5 146 MJ/kg in phase one and two, respectively.…”

Section: Growth Study 141mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Average annual growth in duck meat production between 1998 and 2003 was 3% in Europe 36 and 6% worldwide (FAO, 2005). Yet, effective nutrition of ducks must not only meet the 37 animal's requirements for growth and health; with particular relevance in the case of P, 38 avoiding excessive intake and minimising excretion is also relevant for economic and 39 ecological reasons (Rodehutscord, 2005). Consequently, the role of phytase as a feed 40 supplement in ducks has been of increasing interest, especially the use of a 3-phytase derived 41 from the Aspergillus niger gene (Farrell et al, 1993;Martin et al, 1998;Orban et al, 1999;42 Attia, 2003;Wendt et al, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phytase effects on the efficiency of utilisation and blood concentrations of phosphorus and calcium in Pekin ducks

Rodehutscord

Hempel

Wendt

2006

British Poultry Science

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The objective was to study the effects of a supplementation of a 6-phytase 1 derived from the Peniophora lycii gene in the White Pekin duck. 2. In two balance studies, low-phosphorus (P) diets consisting mainly of maize, solvent 3 extracted soybean meal and solvent extracted sunflower meal were supplemented with 4 phytase up to concentrations of 1500 U/kg (Study 1) or 2000 U/kg (Study 2). Each diet 5 (phytase level) was fed to 8-10 individually penned ducks. The intake and excretion of each 6 animal was measured for 5 consecutive d when ducks were in their third week of life. Responses were described by nonlinear regression. 8 3. Although the basal diets from the two studies were similar in ingredient composition, 9 efficiencies of P utilisation (P accretion/P intake × 100) for the unsupplemented basal diets 10 were 39% in Study 1 and 30% in Study 2. Phytase supplementation significantly improved P 11 utilisation up to levels of about 55% in both studies. A plateau in P utilisation with an increase 12 in phytase supplementation was achieved in Study 2, but not in Study 1. The enzyme was 13 more efficient in Study 2 than in Study 1 at low rates of supplementation. Utilisation of 14 calcium (Ca) was significantly improved by phytase supplementation. Accretions of P and Ca 15 increased at a constant ratio. 16 4. In a 5-week growth study, diets with an intentionally marginal P level were used. Diets 17 were fed either unsupplemented or supplemented with 1000 or 10000 U/kg of phytase. Eight 18 pens of 10 sex-separated ducks each (4 pens per sex) were allocated to each dietary treatment. 19 5. Phytase significantly improved the growth of ducks of both sexes between d 1 and 21, but 20 not between d 22 and 35. Feed conversion rate was not affected by treatment. Blood serum 21 phosphate concentrations, but not calcium, were significantly increased by phytase 22 supplementation. Blood concentrations of creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate 23 dehydrogenase remained unaffected while alanine aminotransferase was significantly reduced 24 by phytase supplementation. 25

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Section: Growth Study 141mentioning

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytase effects on the efficiency of utilisation and blood concentrations of phosphorus and calcium in Pekin ducks

Rodehutscord

Hempel

Wendt

2006

British Poultry Science

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“…Mineral concentration in body weight is quantitatively the most important (Rodehutscord, 2006), but it can be studied with reasonable effort by a whole body analysis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Allometric growth of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, and potassium in slow- and fast-growing young chickens

Zelenka¹

2012

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Allometric growth of body macrominerals was examined in slow-growing laying-type cockerels (SG) and in fast-growing male broiler hybrids (FG) during the growing period from hatch to day 22. Allometric coefficients for dry matter, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, and potassium in relation to body weight were 1.091, 1.427, 1.383, 1.284, 0.843, and 1.097 for SG chickens and 1.075, 1.276, 1.233, 1.216, 0.943, and 1.144 for FG chickens, respectively. Allometric coefficients describing the relationships of Ca, P, Mg, Na, and K with dry matter weight were 1.302, 1.260, 1.172, 0.772, and 0.998 for SG chickens and 1.185, 1.143, 1.127, 0.878, and 1.059 for FG chickens, respectively. High allometric coefficients for Ca, P, and Mg in both genotypes likely indicate a rapid growth of skeletal tissues which requires an adequate mineral nutrition during this period of growth. The deposition of Ca and P relative to dry matter was higher (P < 0.05) and that of Na lower (P < 0.01) in SG chickens thus suggesting that the relative growth of these minerals may be affected by genotype.Keywords: age; growth rate; chemical allometry; Ca, Mg, P, Na, and K retention Requirement for concentration of an available mineral in the diet for growing poultry depends on the inevitable mineral losses, growth rate, mineral concentration in gained body weight, and feed conversion ratio. Mineral concentration in body weight is quantitatively the most important (Rodehutscord, 2006), but it can be studied with reasonable effort by a whole body analysis.McDowell (1992) found that light breeds had higher requirement for P than the broiler chickens. In our previous experiment (Zelenka, 1988) from the 12 th day of age to the end of fattening, chickens showing a lower growth rate accumulated significantly more P per unit of body gain than those with a higher growth rate. In an experiment where daily changes of macromineral retention were studied (Zelenka and Fajmonová, 2001) the differences in Ca, Mg, and P retention per unit of weight gain in laying type hybrids and in broiler chicks were not significant (P > 0.05) in the first three weeks of age.It is generally accepted that from the prediction of body weight growth the growth of body constituents can be calculated by allometric equations (Emmans, 1981).About 99% of body Ca, 80% of P, and 60-70% of Mg is present in the skeleton. Potassium is the major intracellular ion in tissues and Na is the major cation in the extracellular fluid (Suttle, 2010).At hatch, the chick skeleton is poorly mineralized. Growth and mineralization are most rapid in the first weeks of life. Except for Ca, the embryo has limited access to minerals. Leg problems, especially in broilers, are often the results of fast early growth. Chickens with slower early growth rate have less problems with skeletal development (Angel, 2007). 558Original Paper Czech J. Anim. Sci., 57, 2012 (12): 557-561 The aim of the present experiment was to study relative growth rates of body macrominerals in broilers and laying type chicken...

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“…Many studies have indicated that Ca and P utilization in poultry is affected by nutritional factors, such as Ca-P ratio and the levels of phytase and VD 3 additions ( Rodehutscord, 2006 ). For dietary Ca-P ratio, Rodehutscord and Dieckmann (2005) and Rush et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral requirements in ducks: an update

et al. 2020

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Mineral nutrition plays a critical role in growth and bone mineralization in meat ducks as well as reproductive performance in duck layers and duck breeders. In addition to improving production performance parameters, minerals are also essential to support several enzymatic systems to enhancing antioxidant ability and immune function. This review explores the biological function and metabolism of minerals in the body, as well as mineral feeding strategy of various species of ducks. Topics range from mineral requirement to the physiological role of macroelements such as calcium and phosphorus and microelements such as zinc and selenium, etc. As with the improvement of genetic evolution and upgrade of rearing system in duck production, mineral requirements and electrolyte balance are urgent to be re-evaluated using sensitive biomarkers for the modern duck breed characterized by the rapid growth rate and inadequate bone development and mineralization. For duck breeders, mineral nutrition is not only required for maximal egg production performance but also for maintaining normal embryonic development and offspring's performance. Therefore, the proper amounts of bioavailable minerals need to be supplemented to maintain the mineral nutritional state of duck species during all phases of life. In addition, more positive effects of high doses microelements supplementations have been revealed for modern meat ducks subjected to various stresses in commercial production. The nutritional factors of mineral sources, supplemental enzymes, and antinutritional factors from unconventional ingredients should be emphasized to improve the effectiveness of mineral nutrition in duck feed formulation. Organic mineral sources and phytase enzymes have been adopted to reduce the antagonistic action between mineral and antinutritional factors. Therefore, special and accurate database of mineral requirements should be established for special genotypes of ducks under different rearing conditions, including rearing factors, environmental stresses and diets supplemented with organic sources, phytase and VD 3 .

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Optimising the use of phosphorus sources in growing meat ducks

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Phytase effects on the efficiency of utilisation and blood concentrations of phosphorus and calcium in Pekin ducks

Phytase effects on the efficiency of utilisation and blood concentrations of phosphorus and calcium in Pekin ducks

Allometric growth of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, and potassium in slow- and fast-growing young chickens

Mineral requirements in ducks: an update

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