OPTIMIZACIÓN DEL RENDIMIENTO DE LA EXTRACCIÓN DE ACEITE DE SEMILLAS DE Vitis vinifera CON CO2 SUPERCRÍTICO

Abstract

Se optimizó el rendimiento de la extracción de aceite de la semilla de uva, variedad Quebranta, con el método superficie respuesta (MSR), se consideraron tres factores: presión (Pbar), temperatura (T) y flujo de CO2 (F), las variables respuesta fueron el rendimiento de aceite, el valor peróxido (POV) y anisidina. Se caracterizó la semilla y estableció el tamaño de partícula de la semilla para la extracción de aceite. Se realizaron las extracciones según el diseño MSR y se calcularon los rendimientos de aceite, POV y anisidina. Se determinó la composición de ácidos grasos por cromatografía de gases y la actividad antioxidante por reducción del radical 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) del aceite optimizado obtenido con CO2 y del extraído con hexano (testigo). La Pbar, T y F ejercieron efecto significativo sobre el rendimiento, pero no ejercieron efecto sobre el POV y anisidina. Los resultados son prometedores para añadir valor agregado a la semilla, residuo de la elaboración de pisco ya que el aceite contenía 66,45 % de ácido linoléico; 20,05 % de ácido oleico y una capacidad antioxidante de 7,80 mM equivalente a Trolox.

Functional and chemical qualities of Vitis labrusca grape seed oil extracted by supercritical CO2

“…As mentioned by Roshanpour et al [33], the peroxide value does not determine by itself the oxidation stability of oils such as grape seed oil. Therefore, the anisidine index was used to investigate a secondary oxidation, whose value was 2.70 ± 0.05 in this study and was close to the values found by Barriga-Sánchez et al [13] in Quebranta (Vitis vinifera) grape seed oil extracted with supercritical CO2 and hexane: 2.30 ± 0.20 and 3.06 ± 0.15, respectively. This index was less than the quality limit required for fish oil (≤ 20).…”

“…Yousefi et al [34] evaluated seed oil from two Shahrodi grape varieties (Lal and Khalili), extracted by the Soxhlet method with petroleum ether as solvent, obtaining POV values of 9.30 and 10.63 milliequivalent/kg respectively. Barriga-Sánchez et al [13] found a POV of 38.44 ± 0.44 milliequivalent/kg for Quebranta grape seed oil (Vitis vinifera) extracted with hexane. Our lower POV number indicates a good quality of oil and a good preservation status, possibly due to the supercritical CO2 oil extraction technique used.…”

“…The fresh pomace was brought to the CITEagroindustrial Ica facilities and dried in a dryer (Vulcano, EQ-03SW, Peru) at 45 °C with a maximum air relative humidity of 80% for 18 h. The dried pomace was sent to the Laboratorio de Compuestos Bioactivos of the Dirección de Investigación, Desarrollo, Innovación y Transferencia Tecnológica (DIDITT) of the Instituto Tecnológico de la Producción (ITP), located in Callao-Peru. There, the seeds were separated and placed in a dryer (Venticell, model LSIS-B2V / VC 222, USA) at 45 °C with a maximum air relative humidity of 80% for 4 h until they reached a maximum moisture content of 7% [13]. Then, the dried seeds were vacuum packed, protected from light and refrigerated at 5 °C.…”

“…The experiments were carried out with the multi-solvent extractor equipment Model 2802.000 (Top Industrie, France) equipped with a CO2 pump (HPFlow Pump 50 -100), co-solvent pump (90-2491 REV L, SSI), chiller (PCPR 13.02-NED, National Lab), reactor (ø = 163 mm, height = 353 mm), and an extraction cell of 1 L capacity with a volume reducer device (diameter = 29 mm; height = 147 mm). For each extraction, 37 ± 0.5 g of seeds were weighed and alternated with glass beads; the process was carried out at 33 °C and 188 bar according to the optimised conditions described by Barriga-Sánchez et al [13]; with a CO2 flow of 50 g/min for 180 min. Carbon dioxide (99.5% v/v liquefied gas) was used for the extraction process, the weight of the oil was recorded every 30 min and the extracted oil was stored in a nitrogen atmosphere at 5-8 °C.…”

Characterization of Black Borgoña (Vitis labrusca) and Quebranta (Vitis vinifera) grapes pomace, seeds and oil extract

“…In this study, the highest POV (Table 4) was determined for QGSO from Ica and Chincha, 1.91 ± 0.18 and 1.54 ± 0.14 milliequivalents of peroxide/kg oil, respectively, although no significant differences were found between the BBGSO and QGSO from Chincha. Barriga-Sánchez et al (2018) found a POV of 38.44 ± 0.44 milliequivalent/kg for Quebranta grape seed oil (Vitis vinifera) extracted with hexane. Our lower number of POV indicates a good quality of oil and a good preservation status, possibly due to the supercritical CO 2 oil extraction technique used.…”