Optimization and analysis of a hydrogen liquefaction process: Energy, exergy, economic, and uncertainty quantification analysis

Geng, Jinliang; Sun, Heng

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.125410

Cited by 30 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Pure H 2 storage using liquefaction methods is associated with losses due to boil-off gas in liquid H 2 and the high SEC . The SEC in the liquefaction plants currently operating in the world is about 13–15 kWh/kgLH 2 . Theoretically, the minimum energy needed in the H 2 liquefaction process for gaseous feed H 2 at 25 bar is about 2.7 kWh/kgLH 2 .…”

Section: Different Methods To Improve the Performance Of Hydrogen Liq...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 100 The SEC in the liquefaction plants currently operating in the world is about 13–15 kWh/kgLH 2 . 215 Theoretically, the minimum energy needed in the H 2 liquefaction process for gaseous feed H 2 at 25 bar is about 2.7 kWh/kgLH 2 . 139 To facilitate future energy applications, it is critical to reduce the SEC and enhance exergy efficiency in H 2 liquefaction systems.…”

Section: Different Methods To Improve the Performance Of Hydrogen Liq...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2023

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The main challenges of liquid hydrogen (H2) storage as one of the most promising techniques for large-scale transport and long-term storage include its high specific energy consumption (SEC), low exergy efficiency, high total expenses, and boil-off gas losses. This article reviews different approaches to improving H2 liquefaction methods, including the implementation of absorption cooling cycles (ACCs), ejector cooling units, liquid nitrogen/liquid natural gas (LNG)/liquid air cold energy recovery, cascade liquefaction processes, mixed refrigerant systems, integration with other structures, optimization algorithms, combined with renewable energy sources, and the pinch strategy. This review discusses the economic, safety, and environmental aspects of various improvement techniques for H2 liquefaction systems in more detail. Standards and codes for H2 liquefaction technologies are presented, and the current status and future potentials of H2 liquefaction processes are investigated. The cost-efficient H2 liquefaction systems are those with higher production rates (>100 tonne/day), higher efficiency (>40%), lower SEC (<6 kWh/kgLH2), and lower investment costs (1–2 $/kgLH2). Increasing the stages in the conversion of ortho- to para-H2 lowers the SEC and increases the investment costs. Moreover, using low-temperature waste heat from various industries and renewable energy in the ACC for precooling is significantly more efficient than electricity generation in power generation cycles to be utilized in H2 liquefaction cycles. In addition, the substitution of LNG cold recovery for the precooling cycle is associated with the lower SEC and cost compared to its combination with the precooling cycle.

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Section: Different Methods To Improve the Performance Of Hydrogen Liq...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Different Methods To Improve the Performance Of Hydrogen Liq...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2023

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“…The OPEX is USD 11.44 million per year, and 83% of the cost comes from the electricity consumed by the compressor. Compared to the process designed by Geng and Sun [42] with the same product yield, the TAC of the proposed process is increased by USD 3.18 million per year. Although the TAC of the proposed process increases, the process integrates the SMR process, the LNG co-generation, the CO 2 refrigeration cycle, and the solar ARS.…”

Section: Economic Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The purchase cost of the cooler and expander is low, accounting for 2.87% and 1.95% of TEC. Figure 10 presents the CAPEX, OPEX, and O&M of the Geng and Sun [42] and the proposed process. The TAC of the proposed process is USD 28.60 million annually, where the CAPEX accounts for 49.51% due to the higher TEC.…”

Section: Economic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the TAC of the proposed process increases, the process integrates the SMR process, the LNG cogeneration, the CO2 refrigeration cycle, and the solar ARS. The higher equipment Figure 10 presents the CAPEX, OPEX, and O&M of the Geng and Sun [42] and the proposed process. The TAC of the proposed process is USD 28.60 million annually, where the CAPEX accounts for 49.51% due to the higher TEC.…”

Section: Economic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization and Analysis of an Integrated Liquefaction Process for Hydrogen and Natural Gas Utilizing Mixed Refrigerant Pre-Cooling

et al. 2023

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Liquefying hydrogen is an efficient way to store and transport hydrogen. However, the hydrogen liquefaction process is energy intensive. Therefore, an integrated liquefaction process of hydrogen and natural gas utilizing the mixed refrigerant cycle and the hydrogen Claude cycle is proposed. The process not only couples a steam methane reforming process to produce hydrogen and a carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle to assist in pre-cooling, but also employs a solar energy absorption refrigeration system to enhance energy efficiency. The proposed process is simulated and optimized using HYSYS and the particle swarm optimization algorithm, and energy, exergy, and economic analyses are performed. The energy analysis shows that the specific energy consumption of the proposed process is 5.2201 kWh/kg, a reduction of 10.67% compared to the base case. The exergy loss and exergy efficiency are 64,904 kW and 62.21%, which are 13.63% and 6.63% lower than the base case, respectively. The economic analysis shows that the total annualized cost of the process is USD 28.6 million per year. The proposed integrated liquefaction process not only realizes the high efficiency of energy utilization but also follows the development trend of integrated energy systems.

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Energy, exergy, economic, and sensitivity analyses of an enhanced liquid hydrogen production cycle within an innovative multi-generation system

Faramarzi,

Esmat,

Karimi

et al. 2024

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Optimization and analysis of a hydrogen liquefaction process: Energy, exergy, economic, and uncertainty quantification analysis

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

Optimization and Analysis of an Integrated Liquefaction Process for Hydrogen and Natural Gas Utilizing Mixed Refrigerant Pre-Cooling

Energy, exergy, economic, and sensitivity analyses of an enhanced liquid hydrogen production cycle within an innovative multi-generation system

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