Optimization and parametric analysis of slotted microstrip antenna using particle swarm optimization and curve fitting

Abstract

SummaryThis article presents an optimization and analysis of open‐ended “+” shape slotted microstrip antenna utilizing curve fitting‐based particle swarm optimization (PSO) for bandwidth (BW) enhancement and resonant frequency (FR) stabilization at 2.40 GHz design frequency. The optimized antenna BW is obtained 48.68% (1155 MHz) resonating at 2.391 GHz compared to 37.01% (867 MHz) BW of nonoptimized antenna resonating at 2.481 GHz and 13.29% (312 MHz) BW of conventional antenna resonating at 2.353 GHz. The optimization is performed using MATLAB‐based PSO program with relationship equations generated by curve fitting software (Graphmatica) for BW and FR. The data for BW and FR is obtained by varying some selected parameters of open‐ended “+” shape slotted (nonoptimized) patch antenna using IE3D tool. Finally, the performance of optimized antenna is compared with nonoptimized open‐ended “+” shape slotted antenna and conventional antenna. A good agreement is observed between simulated and measured results. The resonating band 1.795 to 2.950 GHz of proposed antenna is suitable for WiMAX (2.3 GHz), WLAN (2.4 GHz), and other applications in partial L and S bands.

Hybrid Evolutionary Computing Assisted Irregular-Shaped Patch Antenna Design for Wide Band Applications

“…The initial structure of the MPA is designed by the BUO approach while the BO process is applied to forecast appropriate dimensional parameters. In [32], the curve fitting-based PSO technique is presented to design a "plus" shape slotted MPA for BW improvement with resonant frequency at 2.4 GHz. Therefore, the authors developed an irregular-shape MPA [33] and rectangular MPA [34] for UWB application where PSO is applied to estimate design parameters under unknown dimensional specifications.…”

“…( 28)). Now, the other coordinates of the antenna radiators (i.e., p 1 , p 2 , p 3 , p 4 , and p 5 ) are obtained as per equations (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39), which are found using the GSA-QPSO algorithm. Though, MATLAB is applied as the key development tool; where HFSS has been utilized to validate the performance of reflection coefficients and radiation characteristics.…”

5G Sub-6 GHz Wideband Antenna with PSO Optimized Dimensions

“…The antenna gain is set to 4.5 dBi at 5.2 GHz. In [25], PSO is selected to design an antenna for WLAN/WIMAX with a gain of 3.4 dBi [26]. An antenna is designed to cover the band from 3.2 to 5.7 GHz, but the gain and efficiency of the antenna are 2.2 dBi and 75%, respectively.…”

Design and optimization of pi-slotted dual-band rectangular microstrip patch antenna using surface response methodology for 5G applications

“…Most recently, metamaterial (MTM), metasurface (MTS), substrate integrated waveguides (SIW), slotted patches, thick substrates, multiple radiating elements, multiple feeding, proximity couple, and optimizing impedance matching are technologies used to improve the performance of compact-sized antennas for millimeter-wave (mmWave) applications. For example, antenna impedance bandwidth has been increased by introducing slots on the antenna patch and a defected ground structure (DGS) [2] , [3] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] . Gains of 9.24 dB and 10.29 dB were achieved by designing and simulating 2x1 and 4x1 rectangular microstrip antenna arrays, respectively [18] .…”

“…The proposed structure results in a maximum bandwidth of 2.84 GHz. Particle swarm optimization is also used in [8] , [10] to improve the performance of a microstrip patch antenna. Traditional optimization methods are used in such works with the initial solution and progress to the optimal solution with each iteration.…”