Optimization and Testing of a New Prototype Hybrid MR Brake With Arc Form Surface as a Prosthetic Knee

Mousavi, Seiyed Hamid; Salarieh, Hassan

doi:10.1109/tmech.2018.2820065

Cited by 44 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The reason is that MR fluid can reach about 71 kPa saturated shear yield stress at a magnetic flux density of 0.53 T, once the average magnetic flux density in the effective area increases above 0.53 T, the shear yield stress will not continue to be improved. According to equation (31), the calculated shear yield stress has an inflection point when the magnetic flux density is greater than 0.53 T.…”

Section: A Mechanical Performance Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optimization focuses on maximizing the brake torque under the premise of reducing the weight requirements. Mousavi and Sayyaadi [31] optimized a hybrid MR brake for prosthesis knee joint by using particle swarm optimization, taking torque, energy consumption, and torque density as objective functions. Topcu et al [32] introduced a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the multi-physics engineering optimization problem for the rotary MR brake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Analysis of Rotary Magnetorheological Brake With Multiple Fluid Flow Channels

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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In order to solve the problems of low magnetic field utilization rate and low volume-torque ratio of the traditional magnetorheological (MR) brake under a volume constraint, a rotary MR brake with multiple fluid flow channels was proposed. The magnetic flux was guided into the external axial fluid flow channel by inserting a non-magnetic ring in the middle of the magnetic conduction sleeves which could improve the magnetic circuit structure greatly, the working area where the MR brake producing rheological effect was increased, and the effective damping gaps were also increased from two sections to four sections. The working principle of rotary MR brake was expounded and torque mathematical model was also deduced. The electromagnetic field was modeled and the distribution of magnetic flux density in multiple fluid flow channels was analyzed using finite element method. The prototypes of initial and optimal design were fabricated by using the obtained optimal geometric parameters. An experimental test system was setup to investigate the dynamic performance of the proposed rotary MR brake. The experimental results show that the maximum braking torque and torque ratio of the optimal MR brake are increased by 13.5% and 2.3% compared with the initial MR brake at the applied current of 1.8 A, respectively. At the same time, the variation trend of experimental and simulation results is basically consistent, and the rotational speed has almost no effect on the torque performance, which is conducive to the application of MR brakes under different working conditions. INDEX TERMS rotary MR brake; multiple fluid flow channels; optimal design; braking torque

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Section: A Mechanical Performance Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Rotary Magnetorheological Brake With Multiple Fluid Flow Channels

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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“…Although the dynamic performance of these MR dampers has improved to some extent, some problems inevitably occur such as large structures, simple dynamic performance, and poor adaptability [23], [24]. As a highlight, the gap is one of the key parameters in designing MR dampers, and an appropriate gap can make MR dampers not only generate a greater damping force but also possess a larger dynamic range simultaneously [25], [26]. Zheng et al [27] designed a novel multi-coil MR damper with a variable resistance gap (VRG-MMD), which enables four electromagnetic coils with individual exciting currents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of a MR Damper With Enhanced Effective Gap Lengths

Feng

Tong

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Traditional magnetorheological (MR) damper featuring fixed gaps has the shortcomings of small damping force, single dynamic performance, and low adaptability. To overcome these shortcomings, a new MR damper with enhanced effective gap lengths is developed in this work, which achieves a double extension of the effective gap lengths via compactly integrating the conical fluid channels into the annular fluid channels. On the other hand, by altering the axial position of the valve spool controlled by a locking nut, the relative distance between the valve spool and piston of the MR damper is flexibly regulated; thus, the width of this adjustable gap in the conical fluid channels can be continuously adjusted. The magnetic circuit of the proposed MR damper is developed and its mechanical model is established as well to evaluate the dynamic performance. Sequentially, the finite element analysis (FEA) methodology is applied by using ANSYS/Emag software to investigate the changes of magnetic flux densities in these adjustable gaps. Moreover, a prototype is manufactured and experimental tests are conducted to verify its dynamic performance. The experimental results, under a fixed applied current, indicate that the damping force decreases with the increase of the adjustable gaps, and the maximum damping force reaches 7.2 kN at the adjustable gap of 0.6 mm. Besides, the dynamic range increases with the increase of the adjustable gap, and the dynamic range appears with a peak of 13.6. In addition, the damping force varies from 0.2 kN to 7.2 kN while the dynamic range attains 33 correspondingly by regulating the applied current and adjustable gap from 1.6 mm to 0.6 mm. From an experimental results perspective, the damping force and dynamic range can be not only effectively controlled by excitation current but also flexibly altered by regulating the width of the adjustable gaps simultaneously. Therefore, the dynamic performance of the proposed MR damper is also enhanced.

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“…For active knee prostheses that can achieve stance flexion, their actuators must adapt to a wide range of speeds and torque to support different activities and supply power throughout the day (Goldfarb et al, 2013). As a result, active prostheses provide the capability to perform activities with active power, but substantial deficiencies due to energy consumption, weight and battery life, in turn, decrease their acceptability and clinical feasibility (Park et al, 2016). Novel designs are required to lower the energy consumption of active prostheses while still allowing wearers to complete a wider variety of activities than traditional passive prostheses (Andrade et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and evaluation of a hybrid passive–active knee prosthesis on energy consumption

Wang¹,

Meng²,

Zhang³

et al. 2020

Mech. Sci.

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Abstract. The existing lower limb prostheses with passive knees have disadvantages, causing an asymmetric gait and higher metabolic cost during level walking which is in contrast with a normal gait. However, most existing active knee prostheses need a significant amount of energy. In this paper, a novel hybrid passive–active knee prosthesis (HPAK) that allows passive and active operating modes is proposed, which contains an active motor unit and a novel hydraulic damper with an electrically controlled valve that adjusts the damping torque dynamically during each gait cycle. An energy consumption model was built to evaluate the energy consumption when walking on level ground in three different simulation conditions to, respectively, simulate the complete HPAK, an ordinary active prosthesis (AKP) and an ordinary passive prosthesis (PKP). The results show that, in a cycle, the HPAK consumes only 16.19 J, which is 3.6 times lower than the AKP (58.95 J), and the PKP consumes only 1.24 J due to the novel spring–hydraulic damper structure designed and presented in this paper. These results indicate that the proposed novel hybrid passive–active knee prosthesis can have a positive effect on reducing energy consumption and improving the approximation of healthy gait characteristics when walking on level ground, contrasting with active or passive knee prostheses.

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Optimization and Testing of a New Prototype Hybrid MR Brake With Arc Form Surface as a Prosthetic Knee

Cited by 44 publications

References 32 publications

Performance Analysis of Rotary Magnetorheological Brake With Multiple Fluid Flow Channels

Performance Analysis of Rotary Magnetorheological Brake With Multiple Fluid Flow Channels

Development and Evaluation of a MR Damper With Enhanced Effective Gap Lengths

Design and evaluation of a hybrid passive–active knee prosthesis on energy consumption

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