Optimization and validation of a method based in a QuEChERS procedure and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of multi-mycotoxins in popcorn

Ferreira, Isabel M. P. L. V. O.; Fernandes, José O.; Cunha, Sara C.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.03.014

Cited by 61 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Taking all this into account, the method could be useful in routine analysis of multi-mycotoxins in complex foodstuffs. Ferreira et al successfully adapted this elaborated method [73] for the determination of multi-mycotoxins in unpopped and popped popcorn [74].…”

Section: Mycotoxins Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of recent developments and trends in the QuEChERS sample preparation approach

2015

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Abstract:A comprehensive review is presented on the recent developments and trends in the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) sample preparation approach. This technique involves liquidliquid partitioning using acetonitrile and purifying the extract using dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE). Originally, the QuEChERS was introduced for pesticides residues analysis in high moisture fruits and vegetables, but more recently it is gaining significant popularity in the analysis of broad spectrum of analytes in huge variety of samples. The wide range of the technique applications is possible due to introducing various modifications based on the use of different extraction solvent and salt formulation and buffer additions for salting-out partitioning step and the application of various d-SPE sorbents for clean-up step. Therefore, the QuEChERS approach is useful for analysis of, among others pesticides, veterinary drugs and other pharmaceuticals, mycotoxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dyes, acrylamide, synthetic musks and UV filters, bisphenols, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and other flame retardants, endocrine disruptors, and other chemical compounds. Thanks to the QuEChERS approach, high-throughput multiresidue methods operate in a routine contaminant control of food products, feedstuff, and environmental samples.

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Section: Mycotoxins Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of recent developments and trends in the QuEChERS sample preparation approach

2015

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“…Mycotoxins can be analyzed by various methods, including thin layer chromatography (TLC) [1], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [2], gas chromatography [3,4], and immunoaffinity column/high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and diode array detection [5,6]. The specific determination of multiclass mycotoxins in cereals requires highly selective and sensitive techniques such as ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) [7,8,9,10,11] and direct analysis in real time (DART) ionization coupled to an (ultra)high-resolution mass spectrometer based on orbitrap technology (orbitrap MS) [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

QuEChERS Purification Combined with Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Simultaneous Quantification of 25 Mycotoxins in Cereals

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2016

Toxins

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A method based on the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) purification combined with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS), was optimized for the simultaneous quantification of 25 mycotoxins in cereals. Samples were extracted with a solution containing 80% acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid, and purified with QuEChERS before being separated by a C18 column. The mass spectrometry was conducted by using positive electrospray ionization (ESI+) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) models. The method gave good linear relations with regression coefficients ranging from 0.9950 to 0.9999. The detection limits ranged from 0.03 to 15.0 µg·kg−1, and the average recovery at three different concentrations ranged from 60.2% to 115.8%, with relative standard deviations (RSD%) varying from 0.7% to 19.6% for the 25 mycotoxins. The method is simple, rapid, accurate, and an improvement compared with the existing methods published so far.

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“…Such studies include quantification of low molecular weight polyphenols in vegetables (Silva et al 2012), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fish (Ramalhosa et al 2009), acrylamide in food (Mastovska and Lehotay 2006), veterinary drugs (Brondi et al 2013;de Souza et al 2013), mycotoxins in grains (Kokkonen and Jestoi 2009) dried fruits (Azaiez et al 2014) and cereal products (Cunha and Fernandes 2010;Vaclavik et al 2010;Zachariasova et al 2010;Soleiman et al 2011;Ferreira et al 2012) as well as in other matrices (Alvito et al 2010;Bertuzzi et al 2012;Fernandes et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput Analytical Strategy Based on Modified QuEChERS Extraction and Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Clean-up Followed by Liquid Chromatography-Triple-Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Quantification of Multiclass Mycotoxins in Cereals

et al. 2014

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A simple, reliable, efficient, selective and sensitive QuEChERS-based (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) sample preparation strategy, involving an initial partitioning step using acidified acetonitrile (ACN), MgSO 4 , NaCl and citrate buffer salts, combined with dispersive solidphase extraction (d-SPE) clean-up, is proposed for the simultaneous multiclass mycotoxins quantification, including aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes and zearalenone, in cereals. The final clear extracts were concentrated under vacuum to near dryness and taken-up with the initial mobile phase (MeOH:H 2 O;70:30, v/v) previous to reversed-phase liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis. Careful optimization of the LC-ESI-MS/MS parameters was achieved in order to attain a fast separation and increased sensitivity. The detection was carried out on a triplequadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) by electrospray ionization in positive ion mode (ESI + ) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Tandem MS conditions were optimised in order to increase selectivity, selecting the best transitions (parent ion to quantifier and qualifier ions) for quantification and identification. The performance of the method was assessed and compared to European Commission (EC) Regulations, by studying the selectivity, specificity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), linear dynamic range (LDR), matrix effect, accuracy, precision, and uncertainty. Good linearity (r 2 >0.9713) was achieved for all mycotoxins investigated, and LODs (S/N=3) and LOQs (S/ N=10) were below the tolerance levels of mycotoxins set by EC. Recoveries of the extraction process, obtained with different spiked concentrations, ranged from 72.9 to 120.6 %, with relative standard deviations (RSD) lower than 23.0 %. Only in 6 % of all combinations did the RSD values exceed 15 %. Matrix effects were observed by comparing the slope of matrix-matched standard calibration with that of the solvent. The developed method was applied to evaluate the cooccurrence of multiclass mycotoxins in cereals collected at the importation points and consumer habitations at Madeira Island. Samples collected at importation points (15 wheat samples, 4 maize samples and 2 rice samples) showed the presence of DON in three wheat samples, and FB1 and HT-2 in one wheat sample. Three maize samples were detected with FB1 (two samples) and AFG 2 (one sample) whereas one rice sample was detected with ZEN. The results revealed the absence of target mycotoxins on the rice samples collected at consumer habitations. None of the studied cereal samples exceeded the maximum permissible limits or indicative levels set by the EC which means that the particular Madeira Island Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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Optimization and validation of a method based in a QuEChERS procedure and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of multi-mycotoxins in popcorn

Cited by 61 publications

References 29 publications

A review of recent developments and trends in the QuEChERS sample preparation approach

A review of recent developments and trends in the QuEChERS sample preparation approach

QuEChERS Purification Combined with Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Simultaneous Quantification of 25 Mycotoxins in Cereals

High-Throughput Analytical Strategy Based on Modified QuEChERS Extraction and Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Clean-up Followed by Liquid Chromatography-Triple-Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Quantification of Multiclass Mycotoxins in Cereals

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