Optimization and Validation of Multilocus Sequence Typing for
            <i>Candida albicans</i>

Tavanti, Arianna; Gow, Neil A. R.; Senesi, Sonia; Maiden, Martin C. J.; Odds, Frank C.

doi:10.1128/jcm.41.8.3765-3776.2003

Cited by 124 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…MLST has been successfully implemented for species identification within a species complex as well as strain differentiation within a species for various fungal pathogens of humans such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus gattii, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Fusarium sp. (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). The recent investigations of infections caused by dematiaceous fungi (5,19) have highlighted the importance of high-resolution, standardized, and archivable typing system(s) for this group of fungi.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of a Multilocus Sequence Typing System for Medically Relevant Bipolaris Species

et al. 2015

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cMultilocus sequence typing (MLST) is the gold standard genotyping technique for many microorganisms. This classification approach satisfies the requirements for a high-resolution, standardized, and archivable taxonomic system. Here, we describe the development of a novel MLST system to assist with the investigation of an unusual cluster of surgical site infections caused by Bipolaris spp. in postoperative cardiothoracic surgery (POCS) patients during January 2008 to December 2013 in the southeastern United States. We also used the same MLST system to perform a retrospective analysis on isolates from a 2012 Bipolaris endophthalmitis outbreak caused by a contaminated product. This MLST system showed high intraspecies discriminatory power for Bipolaris spicifera, B. hawaiiensis, and B. australiensis. Based on the relatedness of the isolates, the MLST data supported the hypothesis that infections in the POCS cluster were from different environmental sources while confirming that the endophthalmitis outbreak resulted from a point source, which was a contaminated medication. Dematiaceous fungi belonging to the genus Bipolaris are abundant in the environment. Many species in this genus are known to cause devastating disease in plants and staple crops around the world (1). In humans, they are common etiological agents of fungal sinusitis. Surgical site infections (SSIs) and deep tissue and invasive infections by members of this genus do occur, but they are extremely rare and typically associated with immunocompromised patients (2-7). The common disease-causing Bipolaris species in humans are Bipolaris spicifera, B. hawaiiensis, and, occasionally, B. australiensis (3). A recent proposal transfers these species to the genus Curvularia (1), but this new name has not yet been widely accepted.In the clinical setting, Bipolaris infections are usually diagnosed using microscopy to distinguish the morphological characteristics of the fungus following culture. In recent years, the sequence comprising the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the 5.8S nuclear rRNA genes of the ribosomal cistron has been exploited for species assignment of dematiaceous fungi (8, 9). In most cases, ITS-based sequence identification is sufficient for determining species. However, ITS-based sequencing is limited by its dependence on the completeness and accuracy of available DNA sequence databases. A DNA typing system employing two or more loci, such as multilocus sequence typing (MLST), can be used when it is necessary to distinguish between isolates within a species (10, 11). MLST has been successfully implemented for species identification within a species complex as well as strain differentiation within a species for various fungal pathogens of humans such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus gattii, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Fusarium sp. (12-18). The recent investigations of infections caused by dematiaceous fungi (5, 19) have highlighted the importance of high-resolution, sta...

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Development of a Multilocus Sequence Typing System for Medically Relevant Bipolaris Species

et al. 2015

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“…There is therefore a clear need for strain typing of these species for epidemiological purposes. MLST technology has been developed for Candida albicans (3,4,22) and C. glabrata (7). MLST could not be used for C. parapsilosis because of the paucity of allelic polymorphisms in this species (20).…”

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Multilocus Sequence Typing for Differentiation of Strains of Candida tropicalis

et al. 2005

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A system is described for typing isolates of the pathogenic fungus Candida tropicalis, based on sequence polymorphisms in fragments of six genes: ICL1, MDR1, SAPT2, SAPT4, XYR1, and ZWF1a. The system differentiated 87 diploid sequence types (DSTs) among a total of 106 isolates tested or 80 DSTs among 88 isolates from unique sources. Replicate isolates from the same source clustered together with high statistical similarity, with the exception of one isolate. However, a clade of very closely related isolates included replicate isolates from three different patients, as well as single isolates from eight other patients. This clade, provisionally designated clade 1, was one of three clusters of isolates with high statistical similarity. Five of six isolates in one cluster that may acquire clade status were resistant to flucytosine. This study adds C. tropicalis to Candida albicans and Candida glabrata as Candida species for which a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) system has been set up. The C. tropicalis MLST database can be accessed at http://pubmlst.org/ctropicalis/.

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“…This set includes AAT1a, ACC1, ADP1, SYA1, VPS13, ZWF1b, and MPIB, which has since been renamed PMI1 [53]. MLST proved to be a useful method for epidemiological differentiation of clinical isolates of C. albicans [49,51].…”

Section: Molecular Methods Developed For the Identification And Charamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MLST technique has been used previously for several Candida species, among them, C. albicans [49,51]. Based on collaborative work, a set of seven essential C. albicans genes were proposed for the analysis [52].…”

Section: Molecular Methods Developed For the Identification And Charamentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Methods Developed for the Identification and Characterization of Candida Species

Grisolia¹

2017

IJGS

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Candida species are commensally microorganisms in healthy individuals, but is also the most opportunistic fungal pathogen of human. From benign skin-mucosal forms to invasive ones, Candida infection, can compromise various organs systematic and cause diseases in immunocompromised or critically ill patients. Hence the accurate identification and characterization of the disease-causing strains is crucial for diagnosis, clinical treatment and epidemiological studies of candidacies. Molecular methods the identification and characterization support gives in epidemiological research and in development of novel antifungal with specific molecular targets, especially in the case of resistant Candida species. This review aims to describe the main methods used in the identification and characterization the Candida species and discusses future perspectives.

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Optimization and Validation of Multilocus Sequence Typing for Candida albicans

Cited by 124 publications

References 36 publications

Development of a Multilocus Sequence Typing System for Medically Relevant Bipolaris Species

Development of a Multilocus Sequence Typing System for Medically Relevant Bipolaris Species

Multilocus Sequence Typing for Differentiation of Strains of Candida tropicalis

Molecular Methods Developed for the Identification and Characterization of Candida Species

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