“…In SMA composites, SMA can be deformed and returned to its original shape by its phase transformation. As common fiber-reinforced plastic composites (FRPs), SMA composites are highly susceptible to internal damage, which is generally caused by external static and dynamic mechanical behaviors, such as the flexing, fatigue, and the low-velocity impact on composite structures [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. All the load could cause barely-visible damages in SMA composites, and the surface may appear to be safe and sound upon visual inspection.…”