Optimization design of water-cooled mirror for low thermal deformation

Investigation of the controlling parameters on the bowing phenomenon in ultra-thin crystalline silicon solar cells

“…The Young's modulus of aluminum is another important factor for bowing [10,16,17], and its magnitude can be changed relatively easily by making aluminum paste with different particle sizes. Considering the choice from Chen et al [4] and Popovich et al [16], we chose the value of 3.5-31 MPa as the Young's modulus for aluminum. A reasonable range of the thermal expansion coefficient for the aluminum was selected as 21-26 K -1 considering the temperature changes during the manufacturing process [18].…”

“…The bowing phenomena in c-Si solar cells is induced by the two distinct material properties between the silicon and aluminum (Al) layers depending on the thermal conditions during the sintering process of those layers. Even though bowing phenomena can occur in systematic level [3,4], we will focus our study on unit cell structure for better understanding of fundamental physics. During the firing process, two layers of silicon and aluminum become chemically bonded to each other in the presence of a recrystallized layer composed of a back surface field (BSF) M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 5 and Al-Si composite layer.…”

Fabrication of silica glass microchannel reflectors by 3D printing and UV-curing

“…Consequently, maintaining the mirror temperature within a specific range is crucial. Water-cooling emerges as the most effective and widely adopted approach to mitigate thermal deformation, offering advantages such as high heat dissipation rate, affordability, and environmental friendliness [4][5][6]. However, the fabrication of water-cooling reflectors with internal micro-channels is challenging, especially for silica glass, which is characterized by high brittleness and low fracture toughness.…”