Optimization of Biocatalytic Steps via Response Surface Methodology to Produce Immobilized Peroxidase on Chitosan-Decorated AZT Composites for Enhanced Reusability and Storage Stability

Chitosan‐Based metal-organic framework for Stabilization of β-glucosidase: Reusability and storage stability

“…Additionally, the presence of β-glucosidase was evidenced by changes in the substrate bands after enzyme immobilization, as well as peak at 1024 cm −1 for the glycosidic (C– O –C) linkage. The intensities of peaks changed after enzyme immobilization, confirming the successful enzyme immobilization [ 10 , 29 ].

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“…Immobilized enzymes offer numerous advantages, including improved stability, reusability, activity, and selectivity, as well as simplified product separation. Immobilization techniques prevent subunit dissociation, reduce aggregation, autolysis, or proteolysis, enhance enzyme rigidification, and create favourable microenvironments, ultimately leading to increased enzyme stability [ [7] , [8] , [9] ]. Various materials, such as nanocomposites, metal organic frameworks, and polymers, are commonly employed for immobilization [ [10] , [11] , [12] ].…”

“…Immobilization techniques prevent subunit dissociation, reduce aggregation, autolysis, or proteolysis, enhance enzyme rigidification, and create favourable microenvironments, ultimately leading to increased enzyme stability [ [7] , [8] , [9] ]. Various materials, such as nanocomposites, metal organic frameworks, and polymers, are commonly employed for immobilization [ [10] , [11] , [12] ]. However, there are certain drawbacks associated with immobilized enzymes, such as reduced enzyme loadings, diffusion limitations, potential loss of enzyme activity, and increased costs and complexity [ 13 ].…”

“…Chitosan, a polysaccharide composed of N-acetyl- d -glucosamine and d -glucosamine and obtained through chitin deacetylation, is among the most extensively researched natural polymers. Due to the presence of active amino and hydroxyl functional groups that could create crosslinks with enzymes, chitosan has undergone substantial study as a potential carrier for enzymes [ 9 , 29 ]. Combinations of MOFs and chitosan can generate mouldable adsorbents and enhanced immobilization capabilities.…”

Antimicrobial Activity of Nanozirconium Oxide

“…Many authors have demonstrated the use of zirconia nanoparticles as additives and doping materials to improve and enhance the physicochemical and physicomechanical properties, including mechanical strength. − Khalil et al showed promising results in improving refractory bricks (through physicomechanical and refractory properties). They reported that the best properties were achieved with the addition of 8% zirconia nanoparticles.…”