Optimization of biodiesel production from Indian mustard oil by biological tri-calcium phosphate catalyst derived from turkey bone ash

Novel Ni-Fe solid acid catalyst was prepared through co-wet impregnation of Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·H 2 O and Ni (NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O on fly ash (FA) support. XRD, BET-BJH, SEM-EDX, XPS and FTIR methods were employed to characterize the catalyst. The excellent catalyst activity was assessed and optimized in the production of methyl oleate (biodiesel/dieseladditive). The response surface methodology (RSM) computed optimal parametric values pertaining to maximum oleic acid (OA) conversion (98.37 ± 0.01%) were 15:1 methanol/OA molar ratio, 1:15:2 nickel nitrate: ferric sulphate:FA (wt. ratio) and 4 wt.% (of OA) catalyst concentration in 1 h under conventional heating at mild reaction temperature (60°C). The optimal catalyst possessed 27.64 m 2 /g specific surface area and 0.0233 cc/g pore volume with predominantly mesoporous framework. XPS bands confirmed the presence of Fe 3+ and mixed Ni 2+ /Ni 3+ species rendering an acidity of 5.5 mmol KOH/g. The catalyst comprised of crystalline Fe 2 O 3 , Ni 2 O 3 and NiS phases as revealed from XRD analysis. This study also reports the remarkable intensification of esterification reaction through an energy-efficient application of far-infrared radiation protocol (1/3 rd of conventional power requirement) resulting 99.20% OA conversion in only 10 min at the derived optimal conditions.

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“…Titration method was used for the acidity analysis of Ni―Fe/FA catalyst samples, i.e. NI‐5, NI‐10 and NI‐15.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Fly ash supported Ni―Fe solid acid catalyst for efficient production of diesel additive: intensification through far‐infrared radiation

Pradhan

Chakraborty

2015

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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“…However, research elsewhere regarding alternative feedstocks has been broadening the range of options available for the production of biodiesel. Recent initiatives in this area suggest that products such as mustard oil which accounts for 12 per cent of the world’s vegetable oil production (third largest source after soy and palm oil) could represent a new feedstock for biodiesel (Chakraborty et al , 2014, 2015). Nevertheless, the current and probable future focus of government mediated research interest is likely to remain on other forms of renewable energy and on the development of primary feedstocks with regard to biofuels (SEAI/Dept.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving the policy paradox: the case of biofuel production in Ireland

Gilmer¹,

McGarrity²,

Byers

2016

IJESM

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the status of policy design and policy implementation in the biofuel sector in Ireland. The focus of the work addresses the overarching operational context of the biofuel sector in Ireland and the role of different actors in shaping and resolving inconsistencies in policy outlook and practice. Design/methodology/approach This study used a qualitative research approach involving a series of semi-structured interviews with members of the relevant sub-groups concerned. This study sought to address two questions – whether current or proposed policy is likely to affect consumption of indigenous biofuel feedstocks in the biofuel sector and what are the controlling factors in the demand for indigenous feedstocks for biofuel. Findings Outcomes suggest that while Irish government policy recognises the need to support the development of renewable energy, it also operates under a number of parallel and potentially inconsistent paradigms in relation to biofuels as a renewable energy commodity. It is contended that the outcome of this position is a lack of coherent and coordinated policy in the area of biofuel production, including second generation biofuel using indigenous feedstocks. Originality/value This paper provides a new cross sectoral perspective on the status of biofuel policy in Ireland with particular reference to second generation biofuel feedstocks. It focuses analysis on the nature of policy-operational inconsistencies and the need for a deeper ecological perspective in governance.

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“…In 2015, Chakraborty and co‐workers reported a method for the production of biological tri‐calcium phosphate (BTCP) catalyst and its use in the fabrication of biodiesel by Indian mustard oil ( Brassica nigra ) methanolysis 104 . This low‐cost catalyst demonstrated greater performance in comparison with the phosphate catalysts reported in the literature.…”

Section: Catalytic Applications Of Bone Waste‐based Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐cost and sustainable (nano)catalysts derived from bone waste: catalytic applications and biofuels production

Nasrollahzadeh

Bidgoli

Shafiei

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The application of (bio)wastes as alternatives to expensive existing catalysts is an approach that can be used to reduce environmental pollution problems. Animal bone wastes have attracted much attention as environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalysts for chemical transformations such as transesterification, oxidation, and biofuel production, owing to the substantial availability of valuable hydroxyapatite (HAp) in their structure. Most catalysts based on bone can be prepared easily by calcination. High-temperature calcination yields highly active catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysts prepared from these renewable sources could also simply be reused and recovered without any important loss of catalytic performance. This paper reviews past efforts and recent progress on the development of different eco-friendly catalysts derived from bone waste and some of their catalyzed chemical transformations. However, future challenges focus on crediting the conversion of unusable wastes to valuable sources to meet global requirements

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Optimization of biodiesel production from Indian mustard oil by biological tri-calcium phosphate catalyst derived from turkey bone ash

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Fly ash supported Ni―Fe solid acid catalyst for efficient production of diesel additive: intensification through far‐infrared radiation

Fly ash supported Ni―Fe solid acid catalyst for efficient production of diesel additive: intensification through far‐infrared radiation

Resolving the policy paradox: the case of biofuel production in Ireland

Low‐cost and sustainable (nano)catalysts derived from bone waste: catalytic applications and biofuels production

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