Optimization of chemical sulfation, structural characterization and anticoagulant activity of Agaricus bisporus fucogalactan

The edible mushroom Albatrellus ovinus contains a α-l-fuco-α-d-galactan, α-d-glucan, a branched (1 → 6)-β-d-glucan and a branched (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan

“…The 1 H-signals from H-2 in monomer type b at 3.86 ppm (b2 in Fig.4a) and monomer type c (c2) at 3.84 ppm were identified through COSY correlations with their respective anomeric protons. Other signal assignments (Fig 4a and Table 2) were elucidated via COSY and TOCSY correlations and are consistent with those found in literature for similar structures [19,24,25]. TOCSY correlations confirmed the identification of H-2, H-3 and H-4.…”

“…Further assignments of the individual sugar residues were performed by analyzing COSY and TOCSY spectra (not shown) with aid of literature values for similar structures [19,24,25]. TOCSY correlations identified confirmed the H-1, H-2, H-3 and H-4 signals of an -L-Fucp spin system (not shown).…”

“…Fucogalactans have been isolated from the edible Coprinus comatus (Fuc:Gal ratio 1:4) [25] and the Chinese medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Fuc:Gal 1:4) [24]. Fucogalactans that contain an O-methylated residue have been described in Lactarius rufus [27] and Agaricus bisporus [19,27,28], and even more complex heterogalactans such as the fucomannogalactan from Grifola frondosa [29] have been reported. Heterogalactans and other mushroom derived heteropolysaccharides appear quite common, and previously reported structures are listed in a recent review [30].…”

“…Other species contain D-galactans or hetero-D-glycans typically composed of D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and L-fucose monomers [8]. Specific examples include the fucogalactan found in Agaricus bisporus [19], the fucomannogalactan from Amanita muscaria [20] and a heterogalactan found in Flammulina velutipes reported to contain both Dmannose, D-glucose and L-fucose in the side chains [21]. In addition, -D-glucans with (13)-, (14)-or (16)-linkages have been identified in several fungi [6].…”

TMT‐MS/MS proteomic analysis of the carbohydrate‐active enzymes in the fruiting body of Pleurotus tuoliensis during storage

“…GHs hydrolyze the glycosidic bond between carbohydrates or between a carbohydrate and a non‐carbohydrate moiety, 28 whereas the fungal cell wall is mainly cross‐linked with β‐glucan, chitin, mannan, glycoproteins 29–32 and other carbohydrate polymers, 33–36 which are degraded by several β‐glucanases, chitinases, hemicellulases, pectinesterases and lignin‐degrading enzymes 37,38 . In particular, high protein expression level of several 1,3‐β‐glucan hydrolases can cause autolysis of mature mushrooms 39 .…”