Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), a promising
alternative fumigant, has
been highly desirable for excellent management of soil pests and diseases.
However, high volatility and moderate toxicity of this sulfide limit
its application. To address these issues, a novel controlled release
formulation of DMDS was proposed employing multiple emulsions and
polyurea microcapsules (DMDS@MEs-MCs). The successful combination
of the two technologies was revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy,
scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier
transform infrared. According to the multiple encapsulation structure,
the encapsulation efficiency decreased by only 3.13% after thermal
storage, compared with a 15.21% decrease of microcapsules made with
only a monolayer film. DMDS@MEs-MCs could effectively control the
release of active ingredient, which increased applicator and environmental
safety during application. Moreover, it could be facilely used by
spraying and drip irrigation instead of a special fumigation device.
The innovative formulation exhibited better control efficacy on soil
pathogens (Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp.) and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)
than DMDS technical concentration (DMDS TC). In addition, it did not
inhibit seed germination after 10 days when the plastic film was removed
from the fumigated soil. This method appears to be of broad interest
for the development of safe and handy fumigant application.