Optimization of Crude Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Oil Bleaching using Zeolite-Fe by Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

A carcinogenic 3-monochloropropane 1, 2 diol ester (3-MCPD ester) can be formed during processing crude palm oil (CPO). Chlorine is one of the precursors for the formation of 3-MCPD esters. This study aimed to optimize the bleaching conditions using zeolite-Fe for reducing chlorine concentration by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and further evaluate the characteristics of the bleached CPO. Factors such as bleaching time, zeolite-Fe concentration, and bleaching temperature were evaluated and further optimized. The results showed that Fe in the modified zeolite-Fe increased about 71.89% compared to natural zeolite. Zeolite-Fe concentration, bleaching time, and bleaching temperature had a significant effect on chlorine adsorption. The optimum bleaching process was obtained at a zeolite-Fe concentration of 5% (w/w) and bleaching temperature of 80 °C for 30 minutes. Bleached CPO had a chlorine concentration of 25 ± 1 ppb, carotenoid of 467.70 ± 13.71 ppm, and a DOBI (Deterioration Of Bleachability Index) value of 2.17 ± 0.01 R.

Penyuluhan Pemurnian Crude Palm Oil (CPO)

“…Beberapa penelitian melakukan berbagai metode dalam pemurnian minyak untuk mendapatkan kualitas minyak yang baik, yield yang tinggi, serta nutrisi yang tetap terjaga. Pada penelitian Anis et al (2022), pemurnian CPO dioptimasi pada tahapan bleaching untuk menurunkan kandungan klorin, salah satu precursor pembentukan 3-MCPD ester. Tim pengabdian menjelaskan bahwa dalam proses pemurnian CPO terdapat beberapa tahap yaitu degumming, netralisasi, bleaching, dan deodorisasi (Gambar 2).…”

Reducing Free Fatty Acids in Crude Palm Oil Using Diethylene Glycol and Zinc(II) Chloride Based Deep Eutectic Solvent

“…CPO preparation refers to Anis et al [14], where the bleaching process was carried out to absorb color pigments using BE. The bleaching process was carried out by mixing 5% w/w BE from the total weight of CPO.…”

“…Based on Table 2, increasing x ZnCl2 will cause the viscosity of the eutectic solvent to increase. The increase in viscosity was caused by expanding hydrogen bonds between each component, so the movement of free ion species decreases [14].…”

“…The initial CPO sample has a deep red color, indicating high carotene levels, which will interfere with the titration process. The color of CPO decreased due to the adsorption of carotene compounds by BE [14].…”