Optimization of Diverse Carbon Sources and Cultivation Conditions for Enhanced Growth and Lipid and Medium-Chain Fatty Acid (MCFA) Production by Mucor circinelloides

Hussain, Syed Ammar; Nazir, Yusuf; Hameed, Ahsan; Yang, Wu; Mustafa, Kiren; Song, Yuanda

doi:10.3390/fermentation5020035

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In another study, Senit et al and Bustamante et al calculated the composition of orange peel to be 18.9 ± 0.2% cellulose and 14.6 ± 0.2% hemicellulose, which was similar to our results [39,40]. As carbohydrates are correlated with fermentation, enzymatic hydrolysis was performed to separate monosaccharides for microbial growth using complex structures such as cellulose and hemicellulose [41,42]. Enzymatic hydrolysis using the non-pretreatment group resulted in approximately 25.0% glucan content (GC) and 36.0% ED.…”

Section: Characterization Of Orange Peelsupporting

confidence: 86%

Improved Sugar Recovery from Orange Peel by Statistical Optimization of Thermo-Alkaline Pretreatment

2021

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Orange peel, which is a by-product of oranges, contains carbohydrates that can be converted into sugars and used in the fermentation process. In this study, the thermal alkaline pretreatment process was chosen because of its simplicity and lesser reaction time. In addition, the reaction factors were optimized using response surface methodology. The determined optimal conditions were as follows: 60.1 g/L orange peels loading, 3% KOH and 30 min. Under the optimal conditions, glucan content (GC) and enzymatic digestibility (ED) were found to be 32.8% and 87.8%, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed with pretreated and non-pretreated orange peels using three types of enzyme complex (cellulase, cellobiase and xylanase). The minimum concentrations of enzyme complex required to obtain maximum ED were 30 FPU (filter paper unit), 15 CBU (cellobiase unit), and 30 XNU (xylanase unit) based on 1 g-biomass. Additionally, ED of the treated group was approximately 3.7-fold higher than that of the control group. In conclusion, the use of orange peel as a feedstock for biorefinery can be a strategic solution to reduce wastage of resources and produce sustainable bioproducts.

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Section: Characterization Of Orange Peelsupporting

confidence: 86%

Improved Sugar Recovery from Orange Peel by Statistical Optimization of Thermo-Alkaline Pretreatment

2021

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“…Photosynthesis is the main purpose of plants, empowering them to convert light energy into chemical energy, which is next utilized in all cell activities, and it is highly altered by pathogenic infection [ 72 , 74 ]. This decreases in chlorophyll pigments can be explained by Choudhury and Panda, Jahan et al and Singh et al [ 75 , 76 , 77 ]; they mentioned that the decrease in chlorophyll is a result of oxidative stress after injury due to the release of free radicals, causing damage or distortion in the formation of chloroplasts, and this means the failure or inability of the plant to capture light and carry out the process of photosynthesis. Moreover, data showed that the treatment with M. circinelloides strain exhibited the most potent effect in terms of the chlorophyll a contents, followed by treatment with P. oxalicum , A. flavus and A. niger.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi as Biocontrol Tool against Fusarium Wilt Disease of Tomato Plant

Attia

Abdelaziz

Al-Askar

et al. 2022

JoF

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Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) improve plant health and resist plant pathogens. The present study was carried out to biocontrol tomato Fusarium wilt using PGPF through antifungal activity and enhance tomato plant immune response. Four PGPF were identified genetically as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Mucor circinelloides and Pencillium oxalicum. In vitro antagonistic activity assay of PGPF against Fusariumoxysporum was evaluated, where it exhibited promising antifungal activity where MIC was in the range 0.25–0.5 mg/mL. Physiological markers of defense in a plant as a response to stimulation of induced systemic resistance (ISR) were recorded. Our results revealed that A. niger, M. circinelloides, A. flavus and P. oxalicum strains significantly reduced percentages of disease severity by 16.60% and 20.83% and 37.50% and 45.83 %, respectively. In addition, they exhibited relatively high protection percentages of 86.35%, 76.87%, 56.87% and 59.06 %, respectively. With concern to the control, it is evident that the percentage of disease severity was about 87.50%. Moreover, the application of M. circinelloides, P. oxalicum, A. niger and A. flavus successfully recovered the damage to morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments’ total carbohydrate and total soluble protein of infected plants. Moreover, the application of tested PGPF enhanced the growth of healthy and infected tomato plants.

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“…To select mutants that impulsively eliminate the pyrF marker gene (encodes for uracil biosynthesis), 5-fluoroorotic acid (2.5 mg/mL) was added to the YPG medium [ 49 ]. All the mutant (i.e., Mu-TE+, the strain harboring the TE-over-expressing plasmid, hereafter referred to as M-1; Mu-TE+, [ acoxΔ ], the strain harboring the TE-over-expressing plasmid and exhibiting the disrupted allele for the ACOX gene, hereafter referred to as M-2; and Mu-TE+ [ acoxΔ , acotΔ ], the strain harboring the TE-over-expressing plasmid and exhibiting the disrupted allele for ACOX and ACOT genes, hereafter referred to as M-3) and the wild-type (used as the control, hereafter referred to as WT) strains of M. circinelloides (MU758) were initially cultivated by using 80 μL spore suspension (~10 7 spores/mL) in 1.0-L flasks containing 150 mL of Kendrick and Ratledge medium (K and R); 30 g/L glucose, 3.3 g/L diammonium tartrate, 7.0 g/L KH 2 PO 4 , 2.0 g/L Na 2 HPO 4 , 1.5 g/L MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 1.5 g/L yeast extract, 0.1 mg/L CaC1 2 ·2H 2 O, 8 mg/L FeC1 3 ·6H 2 O, 1 mg/L ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 0.1 mg/L CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O, 0.1 mg/L CO (NO 3 )·6H 2 O and 0.1 mg/L MnSO 4 ·5H 2 O, pH 6.0) [ 4 , 9 , 16 , 17 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. Subsequently, these flasks were equipped with baffles to improve aeration and finally placed in a shaker at 150 rpm at a temperature of 26 °C for 24 h. the resultant seed culture was used for inoculation at 10% ( v / v ) into a 5-L fermenter (BioFlo/CelliGen 120, New Brunswick Scientific, Edison, NJ, USA) containing 1.5 L of modified K and R medium (i.e., 80.0 g glucose/L plus inorganic salts, 2.0 g diammonium tartrate).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Accumulation of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids by Dynamic Degradation of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Mucor circinelloides

Hussain

Garcia

Khan

et al. 2020

Genes

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Concerns about global warming, fossil-fuel depletion, food security, and human health have promoted metabolic engineers to develop tools/strategies to overproduce microbial functional oils directly from renewable resources. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs, C8–C12) have been shown to be important sources due to their diverse biotechnological importance, providing benefits ranging from functional lipids to uses in bio-fuel production. However, oleaginous microbes do not carry native pathways for the production of MCFAs, and therefore, diverse approaches have been adapted to compensate for the requirements of industrial demand. Mucor circinelloides is a promising organism for lipid production (15–36% cell dry weight; CDW) and the investigation of mechanisms of lipid accumulation; however, it mostly produces long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). To address this challenge, we genetically modified strain M. circinelloides MU758, first by integrating heterologous acyl-ACP thioesterase (TE) into fatty acid synthase (FAS) complex and subsequently by modifying the β-oxidation pathway by disrupting the acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX) and/or acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) genes with a preference for medium-chain acyl-CoAs, to elevate the yield of MCFAs. The resultant mutant strains (M-1, M-2, and M-3, respectively) showed a significant increase in lipid production in comparison to the wild-type strain (WT). MCFAs in M-1 (47.45%) was sharply increased compared to the wild type strain (2.25%), and it was further increased in M-2 (60.09%) suggesting a negative role of ACOX in MCFAs production. However, MCFAs in M-3 were much decreased compared to M-1,suggesting a positive role of ACOT in MCFAs production. The M-2 strain showed maximum lipid productivity (~1800 milligram per liter per day or mg/L.d) and MCFAs productivity (~1100 mg/L.d). Taken together, this study elaborates on how the combination of two multidimensional approaches, TE gene over-expression and modification of the β-oxidation pathway via substantial knockout of specific ACOX gene, significantly increased the production of MCFAs. This synergistic approach ultimately offers a novel opportunity for synthetic/industrial biologists to increase the content of MCFAs.

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Optimization of Diverse Carbon Sources and Cultivation Conditions for Enhanced Growth and Lipid and Medium-Chain Fatty Acid (MCFA) Production by Mucor circinelloides

Abstract: Keywords: Mucor circinelloides; microbial lipids; medium-chain fatty acids; culture optimization

Cited by 12 publications

References 42 publications

Improved Sugar Recovery from Orange Peel by Statistical Optimization of Thermo-Alkaline Pretreatment

Improved Sugar Recovery from Orange Peel by Statistical Optimization of Thermo-Alkaline Pretreatment

Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi as Biocontrol Tool against Fusarium Wilt Disease of Tomato Plant

Increased Accumulation of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids by Dynamic Degradation of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Mucor circinelloides

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