Optimization of electron cooling by SIN tunnel junctions

A cryogenic bolometer has been fabricated using a bundle of single-walled carbon nanotubes as absorber. A bolometric response was observed when the device was exposed to radiation at 110GHz. The temperature response was 0.4mV∕K, with an intrinsic electrical responsivity at low frequency up to 109V∕W and noise equivalent power of 3×10−16W∕Hz1∕2 at 4.2K. The response is largest at input power levels of a few femtowatts and decreases inversely proportional to the input power. Low frequency noise shows a 1∕f dependence.

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“…Experimental cooling from 300 down to 100 mK in a SINIS structure was demonstrated in Ref. 2 and bolometric response up to 2 THz in Ref. 3.…”

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confidence: 98%

Carbon nanotube bolometers

Tarasov

Svensson

Kuzmin

et al. 2007

Applied Physics Letters

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“…The second method can give a misleading result due to ambiguity of the zero-bias point. For example in [10] a zero bias peak was observed. In this paper we use the power, found from the heat balance equations, to calculate responsivity S V and NEP.…”

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confidence: 99%

Observation of photon noise by cold-electron bolometers

Gordeeva

Zbrozhek

Pankratov

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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We have measured a response to a black body radiation and noise of the cold-electron bolometers. The experimental results have been fitted by theoretical model with two heat-balance equations. The measured noise has been decomposed into several terms with the help of theory. It is demonstrated that the photon noise exceeds any other noise components, that allows us to conclude that the bolometers see the photon noise. Moreover, a peculiar shape of the noise dependence on the absorbed power originates completely from the photonic component according to the theory. In the additional experiment on heating of the cryostat plate together with the sample holder we have observed nearly independence of the noise on the electron temperature of the absorber, which has provided another proof of the presence of the photon noise in the first experiment.The current cosmological experiments apply very strict requirements to the detectors installed on telescopes. The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is still the target of many Cosmology experiments. The main goal of the current cosmology is the understanding if an inflationary process occurred when the universe was about 10 −37 s old. Many theoretical models predict that this process should have left footprints of it in the form of a very small polarized signal called B-modes. Detecting this signal would provide important information about the primordial universe and the high energy physics.The recent joined analysis of BICEP2 experiment and Planck satellite results confirm that BICEP2 didn't detect any B-modes [1]. This work has demonstrated the stringent necessity of developing sensitive multifrequency CMB experiments to correct the observations from the dust contributions. Cold-electron bolometers [2,3] are promising detectors for cosmological applications, as they have all the qualities necessary to perform tasks: such as the high sensitivity to terahertz radiation and immunity to cosmic rays [4].The purpose of this work is experimental demonstration that cold-electron bolometers have an ultimate sensitivity, i.e. sensitive to the photon noise. Photon noise is fluctuations, inevitably present in any radiation due to the discrete nature of the photons. The photon noise turns into a voltage noise of the detector, multiplied by the volt-watt response S V of the receiver. Ideally, all the other components of the detector noise, including an internal noise, must be smaller than the photonic component. If this condition is met, the detector is limited by the photon noise. Experimental demonstration of the photon noise is necessary for the installation of this type of bolometers on telescopes.In this paper we present the results of optical experiments with a parallel-series arrays of cold-electron * Electronic address: anna.gord@list.ru bolometers (CEBs) [5,6]. In order to obtain the main characteristic of detectors -the noise equivalent power (NEP), one needs to know the absorbed power. At least three different approaches are used to determine the absorbed power in cold electron...

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“…As previously shown theoretically, a strong bolometric effect and effective electron cooling are possible in bolometric structures with the superconductor-insulator-normal metal (SIN) junctions [1]. The electron cooling from 300 to 100 mK was experimentally obtained [2]. The limiting characteristics of the proposed devices can be estimated using the relation P = Σν ( -) for the energy transfer from electrons to phonons or the relation T e = ( + P / Σν ) 1/5 for the electron temperature, where Σ is the constant of the material, ν is the absorber volume, and T o is the phonon temperature.…”

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confidence: 77%